Golovna Fruits and berries Information about the cycle of Myslyvets' notes. View of “Notes of Myslyvets” at the Radyansky Union

Information about the cycle of Myslyvets' notes. View of “Notes of Myslyvets” at the Radyansky Union

Painting by L. I. Kurnakov “Turgenev on the field”

Very short

Manipulating with a towel and a dog, he writes down small stories about the life of the villagers and their fellow earthlings.

The conversation is being conducted in the name of a landowner and a great thinker, a man of the Middle Ages.

A guest at a Kaluz landowner's home, he met two men - Khorem and Kalinich. The choir was a rich man “at home in the Duma”, not wanting to be freed, but with a lot of blue-velet and grace with a gentleman, whom he cut through. Kalinich was a cheerful and joyful person, trimav bdzhil, taking up witchcraft and reverence for the lord.

It would be a good idea to watch out for the destructive friendship between the practical rationalist and the romantic idealist Kalinich.

The report fell on the field with Yermolay, the stronghold of his housemate. Yermolai was a non-turbo leder, unsuitable for robots. Once again, he lost himself in the situation, from which he again came out uncontrollable. Yermolai treated his retinue rudely and cruelly with his retinue, who lived in the middle of nowhere.

The Myslivtsy spent the night in the dam. Having woken up in the morning, I felt that Yermolai had called upon the beautiful Arina to live with him and vowed to drive out his squad. Once Arina lived in a room with the count's squad. Finding out that the girl was like a footman, the countess did not allow her to leave the room and sent her to a distant village, and the footman made her a soldier. Ditina Arina spent and married a mermaid.

Polyuyuchi, ovidach zupinivsya bilya dzherela Raspberry water. Two old men were fishing nearby. One is Styopka, a man with dark past, small-mouthed and buggy. He traded for hedgehogs from the local gardener.

The other old fog was freely released and alive in the sovereign's courtyard. Previously, he served as a footman for a count, famous for his banquets, who went bankrupt and died in misfortune.

News from the old Rozmov. The fog began to cloud the heads of his count. Here the man Vlas became embarrassed. His grown-up son died, and he asked the master to change his exorbitant rent, and then got angry and kicked out the man. All four of them talked for a little while and then separated.

Returning from the field, becoming ill, checking into the district hotel and sending a doctor. I told you the story about Oleksandr, the daughter of a poor widow-helper. The girl was extremely ill. The doctor, having lived with the landlady for many days, tried to woo Alexandra, and became attached to her, and she collapsed into him.

Alexandra was known to be a doctor in the hospital, and did not stand up. They spent three nights together, after which the girl died. An hour later, the doctor became friends with a lazy and wicked merchant’s daughter with a large dowry.

A report of vomiting in the linden garden, lying on his susіdovo Radilov. He asked him for lunch and introduced him to his old mother and even beautiful girl Olya. Having noticed that Radilov is uncomradely, but kind, there is almost no desire, and in Olya, calm and happy, there is no mannerism of a military girl. She was the sister of Radilov’s deceased friend, and when she knew about the death, Olya got up and went out to the garden.

Over the past few years, reports have revealed that Radilov abandoned his old mother and went with Olya. There is evidence that she was jealous of Radilov for her sister. I don’t feel anything more about susida.

Radilov reportedly met the one-fingered man Ovsyannikov, who was similar to a boyar in his wisdom, laziness and zeal. Together with his team, he helped the poor and restored the super rivers.

Ovsyannikov requested a lunchtime tip. They spent a long time talking about the past hours and guessing about their sleeping acquaintances. Over tea, the Ovsyannikovs decide to train the short-lived nephew of the squad, who left the service, writing lies and slander for the villagers, respectfully, “cheating the truth.”

It was reported that Yermolai fell in love with a rock near the great village of Lgov. Rozhukuyuchi choven, the stench was heard by the freely released Volodymyr, the hallowed man who served as a valet in his youth. Vin shouted for help.

Choven Yermolai took a knot from a woman as a gift, which he had used as a fisherman on a nearby lake. Yogo lady, the old maid, blocked you from making friends. From that hour, the knot changed the faceless work of five masters.

At the hour of the shower, Volodymyr pulled out water from the old basin, but got drowned and forgot about his obligations. Chauvin spread himself over. Only yesterday Yermolay has been able to bring news from the swampy headquarters.

At the hour of watering, they got lost and got lost in a meadow that the locals called Bezhin. There the boys grazed the horses, and reportedly asked to spend the night in the dark. Pretending to be sleepy, I told the world of rumors that children tell stories about brownies, foresters and other evil spirits.

On the way from the clearing, all the transport was broken. To please her, we went to Yudiny Vyselki, the home of the dwarf Kasyan, who moved here from Garna Sword.

Having had a good time, the news began to fall on capercaillie. Kasyan, who followed him, respected that it was a sin to kill the forest creature and firmly believed that he could lead the game into mischief. The dwarf made a living by catching nightingales, was literate and fed people herbs. Under the guise of the holy fool, all Russia was covered. The coachman learned that the childless Kasyan was wooing an orphan girl.

Susid ovidacha, a young officer at the front office, was enlightened, reasonable and cared for his villagers for their own good, but did not like him. Apparently you had a chance to spend the night with a susida. France began conducting outreach to his village, with Sofron serving as mayor.

That day, the witnesses had a chance to see a lake. Susid completely trusted his mayor, bought his land and was inspired to listen to the crap of a man who Sophron took from bondage, sending all his blues into soldiers. Years later, it was learned that Sofron had taken over the entire village and was robbing the house.

Lyuyuchi, I heard that I had sunk under the cold board and the famous corner at the office of the great village, which belonged to the landlady Losnyakova. Thinking that he was going to sleep, the clerk Jeremjeich confidently completed his task. I learned that all the landowner's goods pass through the office, and Yeremeich takes the city with merchants and men.

In order to take revenge on the paramedic for the nearby bath, Yeremeich washed his betrothed, and the helper protected her from marriage. Later reports found out that Losnyakova did not fleece between the paramedic and Eremeyich, but simply sent the girl.

The news was lost under the thunderstorm and gathered in the forester's cabin for the call of Biryuk. He knew that the forester, strong, cunning and incorruptible, did not allow the khmiza to be taken out of the forest. Biryuk is very much alive. His squad flowed with a passing townsman, and one of them took two children.

In the presence of the witness, the forester caught a man in a lahmitti who was about to cut down a tree in the Pansky forest. They say they want to pay for the tree, but Biryuk himself lets the poor man go. I'm glad to hear from everyone that it's true that Biryuk is a nice guy.

He often pecked at the mats of two landowners. One of them is Khvalinsky, a retired major general. The people over there are nasty, but we can’t get along with the poor nobles as equals, but the worst ones will lose without money. Khvalinsky is greedy, but he knows that the reign is rotten, he lives as a bachelor, like a housekeeper, he walks in filthy cloth.

Stegunov, also a bachelor, is a hospitable man and a jokester, he willingly receives guests, but carries on with the rule as before. While visiting someone, I learned that the Kripaks love their master and respect what he punishes them for.

You went to the fairs to Lebedyan to buy three horses for your chaise. At this hotel, he won the favor of the young prince and the deputy lieutenant Khlopakov, who was smart enough to match the Moscow riches and lives for their money.

The next day, Khlopakiv and the prince were persuaded to buy horses from a barista. You know the other seller, but the purchases have turned out to be a kulgawim, and the seller is shahraim. Passing through Lebedyan through the next week, I again met the outposts of the Cavalry prince, and then with another companion, who replaced Khlopakov.

The fifty-year-old widow Tetyana Borisivna lived in a small house, the light was not small, but she was not similar to a small house. She thought freely, had little trouble with the landladies, and took in more of the youth within herself.

It was all fate that Tetyana Borisivna took her twelve-year old orphan nephew Andryusha, a smart-looking lad with insinuating manners, as his tutelage. A well-known landowner, who loved mysticism, but didn’t know anyone, recognized the boy’s talent for painting and brought him to St. Petersburg.

For several months, Andriy began to win pennies, Tetyana Borisivna convinced her, and turned and lost her life as an aunt. After stroking the river, all the unnecessary ladies began to squirm, and until Aunt Borisivna stopped traveling with too many friends.

Opovidach having fallen on the field with his young vessel, and having washed it, he was wrapped in the next one oak forest, where they cut down trees that had died in the frosty winter, Opovydach said that a contractor was crushed to death by an ash tree that had fallen, and thinking that a Russian man was dying, how else to perform the ritual: cold and simple. I guessed many people, and at the death of some I was present.

The tavern "Prytinniy" is located near the small village of Kolotivka. The wine there was sold by a very shanovna people, who knew everything that was good for the Russian people.

Povidach was washed at the tire shops, if the lubricants were lubricated there. Having won his acquaintance with the closeness of the spivak Yashka the Turk, whose song sounded like a Russian soul. Evening, when they left the tavern, they celebrated Yashka’s victory there for the whole holiday.

We got to know the landowner Karataev, who had gone bankrupt, on the way from Moscow to Tula, when checking the changeable horses at the postal station. Karataev spoke about his love before the fortress Matryona. Although he wanted to buy her from the gentleman - a rich and scary old woman - and make friends, the lady decided to sell the girl. Todi Karataev captured Matryona and lived happily with her.

As if it was winter, while we were riding in the sleigh, the stinks began to bother the old lady. She recognized Matryona and spent everything to turn her around. It was understood that she wanted to befriend Karataev with her companion.

So as not to destroy the Kokhan, Matryona voluntarily turned to the lady, and Karataev was distraught. Through the river there is evidence of his shabby, unsteady and disillusioned life, in the Moscow café.

As if in the spring I fell asleep near a birch tree. Having woken up, he became a delight of the rich peasant girl Akulina and the noble gentleman's valet Viktor Oleksandrovich.

This was the stay of the sustrich - the valet from the master went to St. Petersburg. Akulina was afraid that she would be seen as a disreputable person, and wanted to almost say goodbye to the ignorant leader, but Viktor Oleksandrovich was rude and cold - he did not want to make friends with the unknown.

Valet Pishov. The shark fell onto the grass and began to cry. I rushed to her, wanting to calm her down, but the girl screamed and ran away. I've been thinking about her for a long time.

A guest at a wealthy landowner's house, she shared a room with a person and shared her story with her. Born in Shchigrivsky district. Sixteen years later, his mother took him to Moscow, enrolled him in university and died, having lost his son under the tutelage of his uncle-lawyer. At 21 rivers he discovered that he had robbed his uncle.

Having deprived the freedman of all that he had lost, the woman went to Berlin, where she fell in love with the daughter of a professor, and then ran away with her khan, and then went astray with Europe for two years. Having turned to Moscow, people began to respect themselves with the great original, but soon they came in and out through the tiles that were left in the air.

The people settled in their village and became friends with the little widow-colonel, but three years later she died under the curtains along with the child. Having been widowed, they entered the service, and soon after they entered the service. This year I became an empty place for everyone. He allegedly introduced himself as Hamlet of the Shchigrivsky district.

Returning from the clearing, they picked up the poor landowner Tchertopkhanov on the ground and met him and his friend Nedopyuskin. Later reports found out that Tchertopkhanov came from an old and rich family, but his father deprived him of his village, for those who left the army service “through rejection.” Poverty baked Tchertopkhanov, becoming arrogant and proud.

Father Nedopyuskina was a one-fingered man who had beaten the nobles. Vin died in the dark, having been caught up in the control of his son by an official at the chancellery. Nedopyuskin, a lazy sybarite and gourmand, was a leader in the exhibition, worked as a majordomo, and was a parasite of the rich. Tchertopkhanov got involved with him, having overcome the decline of one of Nedopyuskin’s patrons, and having taken away his need. From that hour the stench did not leave.

Having visited Tchertopkhanov, she became acquainted with his “major squad,” the beautiful Masha.

Two years later, Masha walked towards Tchertopkhanov - the gypsy blood that was flowing in her was shed. I didn’t get sick for long, but Masha passed away and died. Tchertopkhanov sold the cards, which he lost from a friend, and the matter went completely badly.

Yakos Tchertop-hanov lied to the Jew whom the men beat. For this, the Jews gave him a wonderful horse, but the proud man was inspired to accept the gift and promised to pay for the horse through money. Two days before the term, Malok-Adel was stolen. Tchertop-hanov realized that his great ruler had risen without repairing the foundations.

At the same time, the Jew gave chase and turned back across the river with the horse, but suddenly it became clear that it was not Malok-Adel at all. Tchertop-hanov shot him, drank and died six years later.

The report was found on a board on an abandoned farmstead, which belonged to his mother. Vranci, in a wicker shed on the pasture, revealing a marvelous, withered essence. This is where Looker appeared, the first beauty and the spivachka, as he had given a sixteen-digit report. She fell ill, damaged her spine and began to dry out.

Now you may not eat, you can’t sleep because of the pain, you can’t remember, and so the hour passes by. The fly should lie near the shed, and the winter should be carried near the heat. As if death had given in to her and she knew that he would come for her after the fire.

Admiring her courage and patience, Luker was not yet thirty. In the village they called it “Living Powers”. It was not long before they learned that Lukera had died and was just about to leave.

The interviewer stopped talking, and finally got stuck. To go for shot from Tulu, they had a chance to hire the villager Philofey, who was a horse owner.

On the way to the news I dozed off. Philofey woke him up with the words: “Knockin’!.. Knockin’!” And to be honest, you can feel the sound of wheels knocking. Suddenly, six drunken people overtook them and blocked the road. Philofey said that they were robbers.

Having arrived at the scene, the robbers extorted pennies from the police, took them away and ran off. Two days later, reports learned that the merchant had also been robbed and killed at the same time.

Opovidach is a thinker and a lover of nature. Vine describes how miraculously it feels like being chilled in the meadow, wandering through the forest on a sultry summer day; like nice frosty winter days, kazkova gold autumn or before spring comes, the lark sings.

« Notes from Mislyvets"- Collection of accounts of Ivan Sergiyovich Turgenev, who collaborated in 1847-1851 in the magazine "Suchasnik" and published in 1852. Three accounts were written and accepted by the author before collection much later.

The predecessors do not have a single idea regarding the genre affiliation of the works included before the book: they are called both drawings and reviews.

“Notes of a Myslyvets” – this is a cycle of identification by I.S. Turgenev about rural life, issued by collection in 1852. Turgenev, in his opinion, showed the beauty of the soul of a simple peasant peasant, and this became the main argument of the writer against the inadequacies of kripatstvo. Turgenev wrote the truth about rural life, without embellishing it, and thus opened up a new world for the readers - the Christian world. “Notes of a Mysliman” had its own reflection and hardship of the Russian people and the glorification of their talent and love of life.

History of creation and publications

Summer and part of autumn 1846 in Turgenev province near Spassky-Lutovinov. Mayzhe’s writer didn’t bother with his pen, but then licked it a lot; His constant companion was the former huntsman of the Black District Afanasy Alifanov. Having arrived in the middle of the journey to St. Petersburg, the writer learned that there had been changes in “Suchasnik”: a journal of additions to Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev. The new editors asked Turgenev to “renew the whole story in the 1st issue.”

The publication of “Khor and Kalinich,” written for the first issue, was published in the current issue of “Suchasnik” (1847). The subtitle “From the Notes of Myslyvets”, which gave the name to the entire cycle, was the title of Panaev. From now on, Turgenev doesn’t need to ostentatiously look at the perspective of his upcoming creation: “the crystallization of the idea” proceeded step by step:

“The caution brought by the writer during the hour of his stay in the village was so clear that the material of which was then worn out by a number of rocks of work, the result was a book that ushered in a new era in Russian literature. »

Vlitka 1847 Turgenev and Belinsky went to Salzbrunn. There, the work on “Notes of Mislivets” was continued. If Turgenev Having read the account of “The Burmist” to his friends, Belinsky, following the suspicions of Annenkov, who was present in the office, reacted to one episode with an emotional phrase: “What an abomination with subtle relishes!” This story became united, under which the author indicated the place at which it was written: “Salzbrunn, near Silesia, Lipen, 1847.”

In 1852, the “Notes of a Mislivian” came out as a solid book. The official of the censorship department, having carefully reviewed the proofs of the texts posted on the pages of “Suchasnik”, wrote to the chief that “the change is based on one and the same”, after which he allowed the collection to be released. Later the censor was removed from prison.

The book opens with the drawing “Choir and Kalinich”, in which the author talks about two men who got together in the Zhizdrinsky district of the Oryol province. One of them - Horus - later settled with his family far in the forest, trading, duly paying his dues to the master and gaining fame as an “administrative head” and a “rationalist.” The idealist Kalinich, somehow, having been in the gloom, was afraid to tell powerful squad, before the sir of reverence, in the end of the day; At the same time, he could draw blood, relieving fears, and gain control over the Bjols. New acquaintances have already started talking about the news; This is due to the satisfaction of hearing in the understanding of such dissimilar people one on one.

The gentleman (“Yermolay and the miller’s wife”) was allowed to live happily for the sake of his mind, so that you bring two pairs of black grouse and chickens into the kitchen. Povidacheva happened to spend the night at the same time as Yermolay at Miroshnik’s bed. In his squad, Arina Petrivna, it was possible to guess the courtyard wife; It was clear that she had lived in St. Petersburg for a long time, served as a room in a rich hut and stayed with the lady in the kitchen. When Arina asked the rulers for permission to marry the footman Petrushka, the lady ordered the girl to have her hair cut and sent to the village. The local peacemaker, having bought the beauty, recognized her as a squad.

Zustrich s likar (“Povitovy likar”) allowed the author to write down the history of the hopeless kohanny. Having once come to call the poor landlady's house, the doctor treated the girl, who was suffering from fever. Trying to treat illness was not successful; Having spent all her remaining days with Oleksandra Andrievna, the doctor and through fate could not forget the extreme helplessness that you feel when you cannot waste someone else’s life in your hands.

The landowner Radilov (“My susid Radilov”), having overcome the hostility of the people, his whole soul “went into the middle of the hour.” For three years we will be happy with the whore. When the squad died under the curtains, his heart “sank.” Now he lives with his mother and Olga, the sister of his deceased friend. Olga’s look, when the landowner shared his conjectures with the wise man, seemed wondrous: on the girl’s face there were words of jealousy written on her face. During this time, I learned that Radilov and his sister-in-law went to an unknown direction.

The share of the Oryol landowner in the nickname Lezhen (“Odnopalats Ovsyanikov”) gained a sharp turn under the hour The Great Patriotic War. At the same time, from the Napoleonic army they marched to Russia, and then, at the same time, back to the hands of the Smolensk men, who wanted to drown the “French” in the opolotsia. Lying down, the landowner who waited for the ride: he was just playing pranks for his daughters, a music lover and French language. Having rested and recuperated, the troops moved to another master; In his little cabin, he fell into a young uniform, made friends, entered the service of the nobles.

The children who went out at night to guard the herd (“Bizhin Meadow”), before the end of the day, told stories about the house-elf who lives in the factory; about the Slobidsky smith Gavrilo, who became sad after his fight with the mermaid; about the divine Akulina, “possessed by the watery ones.” One of the podlitki, Pavlo, fell behind the water, and after turning back, he reported that he felt the voice of Vasya, the boy, who had drowned by the river. The boys wondered what nasty sign. Nezabar Pavlo perished, falling from his horse.

The nobleman (“Petro Petrovich Karataev”) was given the name Matryona, who belonged to the wealthy landlady of Maria Illivnya. Trying to buy a pretty bridegroom didn’t lead to anything: the old lady, however, sent the “servant” to the steppe village. Having known the girl, Karataev decided to flow for her. For several months the people were happy. The ordeal ended after the landlady found out where the pump was. Send skargi to the directory, Petro Petrovich began to get nervous. One day Matryona, having realized that there would be no more quiet life, went to bed and “saw it to herself.”

Images of heroes

According to the descendants, the villages of Khor and Kalinich bear “the most typical features of the Russian national character" The prototype of Khor was a fortress peasant who demonstrated his power, penetration and “unprecedented friendliness.” Having learned to read and write, and when Turgenev gave you a confession, “the old man re-read it with pride.” The villager thought about this and Opanas Fet; In 1862, at the hour of the twilight, Khorya climbed into Khorya’s little house and spent the night there:

With the poet’s masterful drawing, I marveled with great respect at the specialness and homely manner of my ruler. I'm now over eighty, but my colossal figure and Herculean addition to the summer will be gone. »

If Khor is a “positive, practical person,” then Kalinich belongs to the romantics, “sorrowful and sad people.” This manifests itself in his deep attention to nature and sincere songs; If Kalinich sang, he was a pragmatist. The choir could not stop and after a short pause, he began to sing the song.

Petro Petrovich Sokolov. Illustration from the 1890s before the discovery of “Petro Petrovich Karataev.”

Arina, the heroine of the story “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife,” does not try to evoke pity from the guests who spent the evening in her booth. However, the knowledge that both the landlady, who did not allow the girl to marry Petrusha, and the “sneaky sweetheart” who bought her, became the cause of bitter experiences for the woman.

For Matryona, creativity, the love of a landowner is a serious experiment (“Petro Petrovich Karataev”). Loving and mischievous Karataeva, she immediately decided to leave the lady, and then turned back to her. In whose work Matryona wanted to save Pyotr Petrovich from the government’s ongoing ship investigations, the investigators consider “a feat of self-indulgence and selflessness.”

In the painting “Bizhin Meadow,” folk poetic guesses about Budinkovs, mermaids, and forest dwellers are recorded; The author does not admire the talent of rural children, in such stories, which seem like adult legends and tales are harmoniously intertwined with enemies of nature. The voice of Yakov (“Spivaki”) exclaimed the same strong spiritual voice from the interviewer: he had a feeling of “passion, youth, strength, and a kind of sobbing-careless, deep sorrow.”

Analysis of the cycle of discovery “Notes of Myslyvets”

Here is a complete picture of Russia, illuminated by the author’s loving, poetic visions of the native land, thoughts about today and the future of his talented people. There are no scenes of catastrophe here, but the most basic pictures of fortress life testify to the anti-human essence of the entire demise dispensation. In this work, the author does not present us with bright plot moves with active action, but gives us great respect portrait characteristics, manners, nicknames and likenesses of heroes. I want hidden plot still present. The current voyage is confirmed by Russia, but its geography is not very wide - this Oryol region. It varies in dosage with different types of people, resulting in a better picture of Russian life. Turgenev pushing great significance growth of evidence from the book. So it is not just a collection of thematically similar ideas, but a single artistic creation, which has patterns of figurative interconnection of drawings. " Notes from Mislyvets” are opened by two thematic “phrases”, each of which includes three statements. Firstly, variations on a folk theme are given - “Khor and Kalinich”, “Yermolai and the miller’s wife”, “Raspberry water”. In the next three stories, the theme of the nobility develops, which comes together - “The District Doctor”, “My Susid Radimov”, “One Finger Ovsyanikov”. The latest stories: “Lgov”, “Bizhin Meadow”, “Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword” - again develop the theme for the people, but in them appear and increasingly sound the motives of the fragile influx of serfdom, which is unfolding in the souls of people, especially can be felt in the drawing “Lgov”. In the stories “Burmist”, “Office” and “Biryuk” the theme of the nobility is continued, in contrast to a sharply updated version. In "Burmistry", for example, the type of landowner of a new formation is presented, and the image of the master's servant is immediately given. “Kontoria” has given a curious idea of transferring the old noble habits of government to new forms of urban establishments and new types of office servants from the villages. The painting “Biryuk” describes a wondrous, mysterious person who distinguishes herself with the powerful elemental forces that still haunt the soul of the Russian people. In the next eight identified thematic phrases merge, and a kind of thematic diffusion occurs. However, at the very end of the cycle, the elegance of the two stories about the nobleman Tchertopkhanov changes folk theme in the drawings “Living Power” and “Knocking”. “Notes of a Myslivetsya” emphasizes provincial Russia, but at the same time one feels the dead pressure of these vital spheres that weigh on the Russian province and dictate its minds and laws. The first known cycle is called “Khor and Kalinich”. The author reports getting to know the landowner Polutikin, a passionate thinker, who asks him to come to his place to get to know his villagers, whom he values highly. The first character is the Chorus, the image of which is based on the singing type, which will gain popularity among the people. Although well acquainted with the practical side of life, there is a healthy heart in his work and work. He stays with the boss, but he wants to be able to buy out his boss. Your friend Kalinich is in complete pain. Once in a while there was a squad, but at the same time there was only one who hesitated. Watering has become a sense of my life, giving me the opportunity to contact nature. The heroes are amazed at life in different ways, accept different situations, and their manners are absolutely the same. The author does not idealize the villagers. Turgenev studied folk types of people healthy glutton The tragedy lies in the fact that they cannot realize their talents and abilities. The choir has a wealth of knowledge and good understanding of the psychology of human cramps. “Lumaching with Khorem, I first felt the simple understanding of the Russian peasant.” Ale read Chorus not vmiv, and Kalinich - vmiv, ale vin buv indulge a healthy glutton. These are the lengths of life, not to say one by one, but to expand and learn a good language. Here the author appeared as a mature master of popular knowledge, here the unique fortress pathos of this book emerged, which depicted strong, courageous, bright folk characters, the foundation of which transformed slaughter into the ruin and humiliation of Russia, on the surface, it is absurd with the nationality of the Russian people. In the drawing “Khor and Kalinich”, the character of the landowner Polutikin is sprinkled with light touches, one learns about his passion for French cuisine, and also tells about the gentleman’s office. Albeit, this element does not appear to be out of the ordinary. The drawing “The Office” shows similar French similarities to the image of the landowner Butterfly, and the Russian heritage of this element is shown in the illustrated “The Burmister”. From whose creation the ruinous economic inheritances of the so-called civilizing activity of the top are mercilessly twisted. This style of government undermines the foundations of the peasant’s work on earth. In the painting “Two Landowners,” for example, we learn about the ruler’s activity of one important St. Petersburg dignitary, who, having sowed his fields with poppy seeds, “whether the wine is worth more than his life, so will his fruition.” she." With the activity of this dignitary, the sovereignty of the land of the landowner Panteliya Yeremiyovich Tchertopkhanov will be destroyed, who has begun to reclaim the rural huts for a new plan. In addition, you have ordered all your personal data to be numbered and the number to be sewn on each person’s face. Such atrocities of a provincial landowner reveal other crimes on an all-Russian, sovereign scale. Here the author draws attention to the activity of Arakcheev, the organizer of rural military settlements. Little by little, the book develops an artistic idea about the stupidity of the age-old fortress way of life. For example, the book “One Toe Ovsyanikov” tells the story of the transformation of the unwritten French drummer Lejeune into a music teacher, tutor, and also into a Russian nobleman. “Notes of a Myslivets” has stories that tend to be satirical, since they contain an anti-Crisis theme. For example, in the story of “Lgov” there is a story about a peasant named Sochok, who during his life served the lords as a coachman, fisherman, cook, actor home theater, bartender Anton, I want to ask for help from Kuzma. Despite the number of names and nicknames, the specialness appeared to be completely isolated. Raznі shares, joining and sharing with others, take part in the created monumental image of the fortress yoke, which is disastrously pouring into the life of the nation. This image is complemented by nature. An inanimate region runs through the entire book like a red thread. First of all, it appears in the painting “Khor and Kalinich”, where you can guess about the Oryol village, which was destroyed in a row. According to Spivaka, the village of Kolotivka was dissected by a terrible storm right in the middle of the street. In the picture “Bizhin Meadow”, the misleader realizes “I feel terrible”, having fallen into a ravine, I go to the cauldron with gently sloping kelikhs. The image of a terrible place cursed by people appears more than once in the story. Landscapes of this kind concentrate the centuries-old folk troubles and misfortunes associated with Russian enslavement. Given the restoration of patriarchal goodness, the fragments of the all-Russian social conflict will come to a head, and also the two national images of the world, the two Russias, will collide and overlap, dead, and folk-village, alive and poetic. In addition, all the heroes are weighed down to two different poles - the dead and the living. Nature plays an active role in creating a holistic image of living Russia. The most beautiful heroes of this work are not just depicted in nature, but act as their continuation. In this manner, the book achieves a more poetic understanding of the mutual connection of all living things: people, rivers, forests, steppes. The soul of this unity is the peculiarity of the author, which draws from the lives of the people, from the deep layers of Russian culture. Nature here has no respect for people, however, she is even stricter in her own affairs with her, so she takes revenge on her for the unceremoniously and rational invasion of her secret places, as well as for her supernatural humility and self-satisfaction is from her. The particularity of the national character is revealed in the evidence of “Death”, where to play it safe tragic stories about the death of the contractor Maxim, the villager, the peacemaker Vasily, the commoner-intellectual Avenir Sokoloumov, the grandmother-helper. But all these stories are united by one hidden motive: before death, heart strings appear in the Russian people. All Russian people are “dying wonderfully”, and for the rest of the year they think not about themselves, but about others, about loved ones. Whose man has the core of his masculinity and spiritual vivacity. The writer has a lot to add to Russian life, and he has a lot to contribute. However, there is one brightness in it, which the author ranks very highly, - it is democracy, friendliness, and a lively and intelligent talent, which was not blamed among the people's middle class, but, on the contrary, was suppressed by centuries of serf law, and the history of Russian history. ї. And in “Notes of the Myslyvets” there is another leitmotif – the musical talent of the Russian people, which is higher than the statements of “Khori and Kalinichi”. Kalinich is sleeping, and the businesslike Hor is sleeping with you. The song is in a celebratory mood to evoke such protracted natures. The song is like this, as it brings people closer to the joys and secrets of life. In the painting “Raspberry Water” the characters are baked rice : all the stinks of never-ending and in the end I will draw on another birch an unknown song, tightening the gloomy song that brings people closer together, so that through time we will lead to the Zagalno-Russian share and we ourselves will give birth to heroes among ourselves . In the midst of the fields, the verified “Kasyan with Garnaya Sword” has a slightly mournful chant, like a cry for the road, to go to the ground, where untruth and evil are in pain, to the extreme of the promised, where all people live in abundance and justice. In the same country, the nickname of the heroes is the song of Yakov from the story of “Spivaka”. What is being poeticized here is not only Jacob’s song, but also the spiritual connection that his song establishes in the very different relationships of the characters. As they sang, and at the same time the souls of people sang from him in order to send him away. The whole Pritinny zucchini is alive with song. Ale Turgenev, a realist writer, will show him how such a time is replaced by mental depression. The following drunken evening, Yakov and the whole world at the zucchini become completely different. The collection has a story that is filled with special lyricism. For example, “Bizhin Meadow”, due to its sophistication, sharply differs from other novellas in this cycle. The author attaches great respect to the elements of nature. Mandrivnik lost his way towards evening and was about to turn around. To go out to see the richness of the rivers, where the village children sit and graze horses. Myslyvets becomes bright with her color. From the capture of these folk stories, which we learned from our own. Kostya’s story about Gavril, the Slobidsky carpenter who met a mermaid. She came to her attention, but the inner strength struck her, crossed her, after which she stopped laughing and began to cry, saying: “Kill you until the end of your days.” Here satanic power is overcome by the holy banners, otherwise it is ready to send troubles into the people. “Notes of a Myslivets” will end with the drawing “Forest and Steppe.” There are no heroes here, but there is a subtle lyrical description of the natural elements, the beauty of nature and the people in it. These two distances do not squeeze, do not respect, but mutually complement one another. Both the forest and the steppe cry out about the burials at the mandrvnik, the stench befits you. People must also fit harmoniously into nature. The picture is filled with a strong optimistic attitude, which is important for the healthy sleep of people. Thus, the central conflict of this book is complex and deep. Of course, the social antagonisms here are painted to last. Insanely, the burden of serfdom lies in front of us on the shoulders of the peasant, who himself has to endure physical misery, hunger, and spiritual humiliation. However, Turgenev marveled at the beauty from a wider, more distant national point of view, as in a reality, more immediately for both the gentleman and the man. Vin sharply condemns the cruel knights and sings of those nobles who were victims of the serfdom yoke. Even though Yakov the Turk’s song is not at all flamboyant, he exclaims from the eyes of the Wild Master “important tears.” In Turgenev, the villagers are given nationally Russian rice; Russians for the return and the actions of the landowners who avoided the corrupted influx of serfdom. Petro Petrovich Karataev is at the very least a Russian people, a lower villager. The national character is reflected in the moral image of Tchertopkhanov. He is a landowner, not a serf. So is Tetyana Borisivna, the patriarchal landowner, but at the same time a simple person with a “straightforward, pure heart.” The author draws inspiration from the living forces of the nation from both the peasantry and the nobility. Inspired by the poetic talent and activity of the Russian people, the writer of the deeds is based on the fact that it is superb to express national pride, and the fight against it may take the fate of all living Russia, a peasant woman, and a noble woman.

Notes from Mislyvets. Short term

by sections

Bizhin meadow

On a beautiful linty day, one of those days when the weather had cleared up for a long time, there were reports of grouse flying in the Chorny district of the Tula province. Having shot a lot of game, and when it got dark, he decided to turn back home, or else get lost. Having lost my mind for a long time, darkness was approaching. You finally tried to find out where to find your mislivsky dog Dianka. “The most intelligent woman of the four-legged creatures” mooed and just wagged her tail. Continued to wander, myslyvets stumbled over the terrible abyss. Pagorb, whoever he was in, descended with a rapid torrent. On the plain, white rivers were burning and glowing, and people were scurrying about behind them.

The report found out where you went. Tse. The place was known under the name Bezhin Luki. Myslyvets went downstairs and got ready to ask people for a rich night. The dogs barked at him with an angry bark. Children's voices wailed through the fires, and thoughts were heard from afar to children. The stench drove away the dogs, which were especially affected by the appearance of Dianka, and the man went rich.

Mislyvets told the boys that he got lost and got rich. There were five boys who were in prison: Fedya, Pavlusha, Illusha, Kostya and Vanya.

Fedya was the eldest. You were about fourteen years old. This is a bright boy with bright eyes and a calm, cheerful smile. After lying down, for all intents and purposes, to the rich family, he went out into the field for fun. Pavlusha is inconspicuous in appearance. If he spoke rationally and directly, there was strength in his voice. Illusha's appearance expressed a dull, painful turbotiness. Everyone was squinting at the fire. You and Pavlusha were twelve years old. The fourth Kostya, a boy of about ten, aroused pride with his thoughtful and doubtful look. Vanya had a good day, dozing on the mat.

The children talked about those, about this, but Fedya rapt, having become furious with Illusha and having slept with him, the conversation was interrupted for a long time, and he killed Illusha of the house-elf. Illusha vidpov, I don’t want to study, because it’s impossible to study, but I feel like I’m at the old role, at the factory. Under the Budinkovs, boards cracked in the morning, a wheel might accidentally hit, cauldrons and devices on which the paper was broken were broken. Then the house-elf rushed to the door and started coughing and choking. The children who had spent the night at the factory fell into fear and crawled one after another.

And Kostya told another story - about the Slobidsky carpenter Gavril, what a gloomy hour he was, because he was watching a mermaid in the forest. The mermaid spent the entire hour screaming and calling the boy to her. Ale the Lord gave him some thought, and Gavrilo blessed himself with a cross. The mermaid burst into tears and collapsed, complaining that the people did not need to be baptized. Now we’ve been crying for the entire hour, saying, oh well, I thought I’d fight until the end of my days. After many words evil spirits became clear, it became clear to Gavrili how to get out of the forest. From that time on, I began to walk around sadly.

The story of Illushin has arrived. This was a story about how the dog Yermil picked up a white sheep at the grave of a drowning man, who brightened his teeth at night and spoke to Yermil in a human voice.

Fedko continued the romantic story about the late sir Ivan Ivanovich, who always walks the earth in the captana and is still joking. Diduseva Trokhimovich, having asked from the deceased, what is he looking for, Ivan Ivanovich Vidpov, who is looking for the growing grass. This is your grave, and I want to go.

Illyusha came to Rozmova and spoke about the fact that a poor person can be treated on Father’s Saturday by sitting at the church on the porch. Ale can be killed and alive, to whose fate we will die. Baba Ulyana nursed Ivashka Fedoseev, the boy who died in the spring, and then to herself. And from this day on, the soul is still in pain, even if it is still alive. Illusha spoke about Trishka, an ordinary person, the stories about Yak were already similar to the stories about the Antichrist. Rozmova switched to the water one, and from there to Akulina the fool, as she was afraid of drowning in the river.

The boy Vasya drowned at this river. Yogo’s mother raked the hay and raked the snow on the birch. The boy began to sweat as soon as his cap began to drip into the water. Yogo’s mother has been out of her mind since that hour.

Pavlo came with a large cauldron in his hands and said that there was a garazd on the right, calling the house-elf. Fedya added at this news that Pavel called the dead Vasyatka.

Myslivtsev gradually looked at his eyes and threw himself into the light. All the boys slept a lot. Only Pavlo leaned over and marveled at his late-night guest, who nodded his head and bowed the river.

Unfortunately, Paul passed away due to fate: he fell from his horse and was killed.

Khor ta Kalinich

I have learned to meet the landowner Polutikin, a passionate thinker, who asks him to join him. Avoid the stench of going to the villager Horyu. Khor mav mіtsne gosudarstvo i mav practical warehouse rozum. Vіn was a strongman of Polutikin, wanting the opportunity to buy out from his master. It was not clear to Ala Khor, who was inspired by such thoughts.

Khor’s manners are unskillful, he doesn’t get to the point, he doesn’t grow dark and doesn’t understand everything in advance, he doesn’t think abstractly, he doesn’t follow the world.

Your friend Kalinich is completely sick. You stabbed your squad, you were already afraid, but that was a long time ago. The infection lives alone and often accompanies Polutikina in the field. This activity has become the sense of my life, which gives me the opportunity to connect with nature.

Khor and Kalinich are friends who do not care about those who are differently amazed at life. Kalinich, like a buried people, is moody, not very well known in public, was in awe of the lord. Although Polutikin was thoroughly impressed, he was ironically confronted with this.

The choir loved Kalinich and gave him intercession, realizing that he was wise. I Kalinich, with his black hair, loving and respecting Khor.

The choir is smart enough to capture their thoughts, to be cunning, and say little. Kalinich explained in the heat of the moment, buried. Kalinich, once familiar with the secrets of nature, immediately raised the roof, began to charm the flock. All this does not diminish the practical Choir, which “stands closer to marriage, to people,” like Kalinich, to nature.

Yermolai that miller's wife

The report tells us that once the stench from the Myslivets Yermolay interfered with the “draft” - the evening watering for woodcocks.

Then we will introduce readers to Yermolay. “Yermolai was a man of a wondrous lineage: unturbulent, like a bird, balakuchy, bright-eyed, and incomparable in appearance.” In this case, “no one can compare with him in the mystique of catching spring, empty water, fish, picking up crayfish with his hands, spotting game by instinct, luring quails, winching hawks, getting nightingales ..."

Having stood there for about a year, having killed two pairs of woodcocks, they decided to spend the night with Yermolay at the nearest ravine, but they were not allowed in, but were allowed to spend the night under a covered canopy. The marshnik's team, Arina, brought them hedgehogs for the evening. It turned out that she knew a great gentleman, Mr. Zverkov, whose friend Arina served as a quarters. Apparently she asked the master for permission to marry the footman Petrushka. The animals and his squad respected themselves with the images of these prokhannayas: the girl was sent to the village, and the footman was assigned to the soldiers. Later, Arina married Miroshnik, who bought her.

Raspberry water

The action is found at the very tip of the ear of the sickle, if it is found that it is located in the meadow and in the direction of the spring known as Raspberry Water.

Along the river there meets two people who are old enough to catch fish - Shumikhinsky’s Stepushka and Mikhailo Savelyev in the name of the Fog. The following is a story about their life stories.

District doctor

It’s like spring, turning from the visible field, colds and illnesses are common. It became ce district location, at the hotel. They called for the doctor. The district doctor, Trifon Ivanovich, wrote down the names and began to tell about those, how once, under the hour of playing preference at the local court, there were calls to the wake of one poor widow. There was a landlady who lived twenty miles from the place. The note with her said that her daughter was dying, and to ask the doctor to come as soon as possible.

Having arrived, the doctor began to give medical assistance to her daughter, Oleksandria Andrievna, who was ill with a fever. Trifon Ivanovich lost sight of the patient for a few days, sensing “a strong dislike for her.” Regardless of everything, the old girl did not encourage him. One night, realizing that she was going to die soon, she knew a doctor in the kohanna. Three days later, Oleksandra Andrievna died.

And then the doctor, having joined a legitimate whore, having taken the merchant’s daughter Akulina for his squad, evilly, and then I will imprison him in thousands.

One-finger Ovsyanikov

Here you can introduce readers to the one-fingered Ovsyanikov. There was a whole person, tall, about seventy years old, with accusations that remind a little of Krilov’s exposure, with a clear and reasonable look, with an important posture, a peaceful promotion and a long walk. All his neighbors highly respected him and scurried about him for the honor of knowing him. Ovsyanikov is alive alone with his retinue in a quiet, silent little day. Trimming the small servants, dressing his people in Russian clothes and calling them “practitioners”. “Having considered it a sin to sell bread - God’s gift, and in the 40th century, at the hour of hunger, that terrible road, having distributed all its stock to the extra landowners and peasants; The stench of the coming fate was carried away with their burden in kind.” I have read only spiritual books from Ovsyanikov’s books. Before this, the neighbors often came to seek reconciliation and help with the scandals, to judge them, to reconcile them.

One of Ovsyanikov’s neighbors was Franz Ivanovich Lezhen. In 1812, the Roman Empire reached Russia with the Napoleonic army with a drummer. Before the hour came, Lezhen had reached the hands of the Smolensk men, who wanted to drown him. The landowner, who had passed the ride, had beaten the Frenchman. He asked him to play the piano and brought him home as a teacher for his daughters. After two years, Lejeune moved from this landowner to another, a rich and well-lit man, who shook the Frenchman for a kind and cheerful return and became friends with his convict. They hope to enter the service, becoming a nobleman, and ultimately a Russian landowner. He moved to Oryol and struck up a friendship with Ovsyanikov.

Lgov

The report from Yermolay is violating to shoot the jock near Lgov - a great steppe village. Having fallen asleep on the banks of the river, the stench of the Kuzmi fishing choven, in the name of Sitchok, is recognizable. Kim was not at all in his life: a Cossack, a coachman, a cook, a coffee maker, an actor, a foreigner, a gardener, a waiter, and at the same time he was a pansky fisherman, who has already been ordered to catch fish at the headquarters for so many years, where there are no fish. There is a collection of names and nicknames throughout life.

Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword

The report turns from the field on a sultry summer day. As soon as the wheels of the cart break, everything breaks, and the coachman Erofy rings in the funeral procession as they travel along the road. It’s important that the smartness of a nebezhnik is a bad sign. It is known what they want from Martin the Teslar, who died of a fever. The coachman now proposes to go to Yudina fortress to get new everything for the wheel there. At the villages, Kasyana is rumored to be a dwarf of the rocks of fifty with a small, swarthy and wrinkled face, a sharp nose, brown, icy eyes and curly, thick black hair. His whole body was over-the-top and desecrated, and his look was wondrous and unprecedented.

Kasyan seems to be that everything new can be obtained from merchant clerks at the oak tree, which is sold for sales, and it is good to accompany them with thoughts there. That one is likely to be pawed in the garden. Kasyan asks him to marry him. After a lot of guessing, you can shoot the dragon.

“- Pani, ah pani! — Kasyan raptured in his sonorous voice.

I stood up in wonder; Until now, he had responded to my questioning and started talking himself.

- What do you want? - I asked.

- Well, what about hitting the birdie? - Having started, you marvel at me directly in my face.

- What's up? A turtle is a game: you can eat it.

- That’s not why you beat him, sir: you will become his! You hammered it in for your own comfort.”

Kasyan insists that it is a sin to kill any forest creature, but people are given something else - bread and “hand-cooked creatures from the ancient fathers.” It seems that “neither people nor creatures are evil against death. You cannot escape death, but you cannot flow away from it; So it’s not my fault to help her..."

It turns out that Kasyan knows medicinal herbs well, having often traveled “to Simbirsk - the glorious city, and to Moscow itself - the golden poppy; going to the Oka-Godvalnitsa, and to the Volga-Matinka.” “And I’m not the only sinner... there are plenty of other Christians walking around, wandering around the world, searching for the truth... like that!.. And what’s at home, huh? There is no justice in people, that’s all...”

The coachman Erofey regards Kasyan as a holy fool and a bad person, but he knows that Kasyan killed him like scrofula. “God knows: now you’ll talk like a stump, now you’ll start talking, and what to talk, God knows. What manners? This is not manners. A human being is obscene, as she is.”

Mayor

Fifteen years ago, a young landowner, a guards officer in the branch, Arkady Pavlovich Penochkin, is still alive. Budynok, based on the plan of the French architect, the people of the English version took up the rule with great success. Pinochkin writes French books, but practically does not read them. Respected by one of the most distinguished nobles and enviable names of the province. Take a toll to St. Petersburg. I don’t want to tell you anything, except once I had to spend the night at Pinochkin’s place. Vranci used to eat in the English style. Then they travel together to the village of Shipivka, where they stop at the house of the town mayor Sofron Yakovich. That one, Pinochkin’s education on everything about the government, confirmed that everything was going well according to the master’s orders. The next day, Pinochkin, together with the witness and the mayor Sofron, began to inspect the cards, having lost the order. Then we went to peep in the forest, and turning around, we went to marvel at the wilting tree that had recently been discharged from Moscow.

Coming out of the barn, the stench alarmed two men, old and young, who were standing on their knees. The stinks screeched at those who had been completely tortured by the mayor, who had taken two of the old blues from the recruit, and was now taking the third. I will leave the cow in the yard and beat his squad. They confirmed that the mayor was not the only one ruining them. Ale Penochkin did not listen to them.

For two years, there were reports already in the village of Ryabova, telling the well-known man Anpadist about the Shipilivo villagers. He explained that Shipilivka only belongs to the lord, and Volodya Sofron as his property: the villagers are completely guilty, they work for him as hirelings, and the mayor trades in land, horses, thinness, dog, hemp, oh, that's a rich man villagers b'e. People don’t say anything to the sir, because for Pinochkin it’s all the same: it’s a headache, and there are no shortages. And Sophron contacted Antipas through those who, having quarreled with him at the same time, are now taking revenge on him.

Office

It's spring. Myslyvets wandered through the fields with a towel and raked a short chicken, where an old watchman sat, showing him the way. So, according to the information received from Losnyakov’s assistant, Olenya Mikolaivna, at the head office, the clerk Mikola Yeremeev is in charge. Testimonials staying in the court room and pretending to sleep are recognized

about new things and about life, a lot of new things.

Biryuk

Mislyvets turned home alone, in a racing droshky. A thunderstorm was brewing, and water was pouring down on the boards. Raptom near the dark, with the glare of the flash, the three-tonne tree rose to stand high. The man raised his voice, wanting to name himself and, feeling the confirmation, calmed down. He himself showed up as the local forester and encouraged Myslyvtsev to recheck the boards at the house. The forester caught the horse under the bridle, and suddenly a small hut on a wide floor appeared before the eyes of the man. In front of them, a girl of about twelve, in a shirt with a cut hem, and with a vest at her hand, appeared. The forester, having broken down, placed the three-tonnage under the canopy, and the gentleman placed it near the hut. Greedy poverty stood before him. The baby was lying at the crib, breathing heavily and often. The girl swayed him, adjusting the skipper with her left hand. Uviyshov forester. Pan approached the forester and asked him for his name. That one whose name is Khoma, nicknamed Biryuk.

Myslyvets glanced at the forester with a deep-seated expression.

There were legends about Biryuk's honesty, incorruptibility and strength.

The sir chuckled, my lord. The forester first of all died, and then saw, saying that she flowed with the passing bourgeois, leaving the child, that the ice was born.

Biryuk offered the pana some bread, and then said that he was not hungry. The forester came over and turned around, informing him that the storm had passed, and asking the guest to escort him out of the forest. Having taken the towel himself, he explained to them that they were cutting down a tree at Kobily Verkh, leaving it empty - in the yard.

At the felling site, the gentleman and the forester were not caught. Myslyvets rushed to that place, the stars heard the noise of the fight, and shook the forester, twisting the villain’s hands with a sash behind his back. The villain appeared as a man at Lakhmitti, with a long beard. The master of thoughts gave his word: let the poor man go free. The man was placed on the lava, and there was deathly silence in the hut.

He began to speak swearingly and asked Foma Kuzmich, then Biryuk, to release him. Khoma was not kidnapped, and after many years of troubles the man faced threats at the forester’s address. The biryuk has risen, and the rot has reached the head. That one got angry, so I beat him, that one pan stood up for the brat. Biryuk made the gentleman stand up, took the belt from the man's lectern, pushed his cap over his eyes, went to bed and walked out of the house.

Pan praised Biryuk and said that he was small. The forester waved his head away and asked him not to tell anyone anything.

Then I saw the sir and said goodbye to him at the station.

Lebedyan

The report tells about those who lost the fair five years ago until Lebedyan. After lunch, it turns to cava, where they played billiards.

The next day, having chosen a horse for himself, he marveled for a long time and decided to buy it. It turned out to be a blaze and a gun, and the seller was tempted to take it back.

Spivaks

The event takes place near the small village of Kolotivka. Here we learn about the abduction of two spies from the people - Yakov the Turk and a soldier from Zhizdri. Ryadchik sang in “the deepest falsetto,” and his voice was “receptive and sweet, if a little husky; in a grave and wagging voice, like a jig,<…>having soaked up and then rapt up, spitting a lot of sleep due to some boisterous, arrogant arrogance. His crossings were sometimes funny, sometimes funny: the knowledge of the stench would have brought a lot of satisfaction.”

Having “slept, having completely forgotten both his rival and all of us, perhaps, he rises, like a swimming pool swimmer with his quills, our movable, passionate share. As he sang, the sound of his voice sounded deep and imperceptibly wide, revealing the familiar step.<…>, walking into endless distance.”

“There was more than one path in the field,” Yakov sang, and everyone present felt scared. His voice had an indescribably deep passion, and youth, and strength, and age, and a kind of sobbing, deep sorrow. “The Russian, truthful, ardent soul sounded and breathed in the new and so grabbed your heart, grabbed just your Russian strings.”

Having settled down in the hay and deprived the village, the myslyvets hung out at the window of the delicious zucchini, a few years ago, which was a testimony to the wonderful sleep. A “gay” and “strocat” picture appeared before his eyes: “Everything was drunk - everything, starting with Yakov. Sitting on a bench with bare breasts and singing in a hoarse voice like a dance song, a street song, lazily plucking the strings of a guitar...”

Having appeared from the window from which the unforgettable sounds of the tavern's "fun" flowed, the boy happily began to walk towards Kolotivka.

Petro Petrovich Karataev

It was spring, on the road from Moskra to Tula, when it was reported that after sitting for a whole day at the post office due to a shortage of horses, they met the noble nobleman Pyotr Petrovich Karataev. Karataev tells his story. In the midst of ruins - through neuroses and the power of the invincible state, they are taking over the state, and now they are going to serve in Moscow. Then he will guess how, after drinking a glass of Motren, he decided to buy it from the lady. The lady’s relative received him and told him to move in in two days. Having arrived at the meaning of the term, Petro Petrovich learned that Motron should be sent to the steppe settlement, because the lady did not want to sell the girl. Then Karatayev destroyed the village where Motrona was sent, and took her to his place in the morning. So they lived for five months in joy and blessings.

One day, while riding on a sleigh, they went to the village of Matrenina, where they were greeted and recognized. The lady filed a skarga against Karataev that her girl lives in New York. Having arrived the directory, this time Petro Petrovich decided to buy it. However, they did not give him peace of mind. Vine climbed up from the borgs, grabbed Motrona, but she, having beaten Karataev, went and saw for herself.

Across the river, after a lot of news, having arrived in Moscow, we stayed there until the end of the billiard room.

Peter Petrovich. That hope that there is no place to serve, his village was sold at auction, and he intends to lose his life in Moscow until the end of his life.

Pobachennya

Akulina, who loves so dearly, comes to the party with the master's valet and discovers that he will go with his master to St. Petersburg, perhaps, losing them forever. Victor is in complete discord without even a hint of discord, and the poor fooled girl indulges in unbearable tributes.

Nature here provides a subtle lyrical commentary on the girl’s heavy, hopeless state: “... sadly, although I would like a fresh smile from the tired nature, it seemed that the gloomy fear of the near winter had crept in. High above me, important, sharply spreading wings of the wind, a protective crow flew by, turning its head, looking at me from the side, flying and, very often croaking, croaking behind the forest...”

Living relics

The message from Yermolay is flying behind the black grouse near Bilevsky district. Without stopping right from the start. Todi Yermolai decided to go and spend the night to Oleksiyivka - a farmer who, having told his mother, had not previously suspected of the discovery of any wine.

On the coming day, you can wander around the wild garden. Having reached the pasika, having worked on the weaving of the barn, there lay a little woman, looking like a mummy. Looker appeared as her, the beauty of the past. Vaughn told her story about how it was with fate that she fell ill and began to fall ill. Her body has dried up, and she has lost the ability to collapse. The gentlemen were treated with love from the very beginning, and then they were sent to the village to their relatives. Here Looker was nicknamed “Living Relics”. About her current life, she seems to be satisfied with everything: God sent the cross - then, love her. Reveals what to dream about: Christ; fathers who bow to her and pretend that she is redeeming their sins with her suffering; death, as Luker asks to take it away from him. The proposal to take her to the doctor’s office suggests that medical procedures will not help her, which will eliminate their suffering. You should ask the master to tell his mother that she would change the rent for the local villagers - their lands are poor, their soil is trash.

A few years later, Lukerya died.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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✪ Chorus and Kalinich. Ivan Turgenev

✪ 2000195_8 Turgenev I.S. "Notes of a Myslivets" Choir and Kalinich

✪ BIRYUK. Ivan Turgenev

✪ Bizhin LUG. Ivan Turgenev

✪ 2000195_12 Turgenev I.S. "Notes of a Mislivets" Office Chast 1

Subtitle

Friends, if you are unable to read the account of Ivan Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich”, marvel at this video. This is a story about two male friends. Having written a sermon on Turgenev in 1847. The same period applies. Please enter before the collection of “Notes of the Myslyvian”. Far from the first individual. Well... Those who visited the Oryol and Kaluzka provinces learned that the men in these provinces already differed from each other. The Oryol man is short, stooped, frowning, lives in filthy huts, does not engage in trade, eats filthy, wears his feet. And the axis Kaluzka is a tall, cheerful man, lives in spacious huts, trades and sometimes walks around on his feet. In the Oryol province there will be almost one to one hut, they will be covered with rotten straw until there are no more trees. And in Kaluzkaya there are spacious courtyards, long-lasting forests. That’s why the Myslyvians loved to swim in the Kaluz province. I hung out there and got to know the landowner Polutikin. He was a passionate thinker and a kind person. Bouv, however, has one sin behind him. He asked to be one of the many names in the area, and everyone accepted him. On the first day of our acquaintance, Polutikin asked me to spend the night with him. - It’s a long way to the budinka - 5 miles. Let’s go straight to the man Khorya,” he said. In the middle of the forest, on a cleared heave, stood old Khor’s garden. There were a bunch of budinochkas, connected by parkan. We are the son of old Fedya Rokiv 20. Having said that my father went to the place. By asking us at the booths. The middle was clean. Fedya brought us bread, kvass, and ogirki. We had a snack. Then he went with the other sons of Khor. There were seven of them. Another one is with the forest, and the other is with the father near the town. We didn’t bother to check with Khor, we got into the cart, and his son Vasil drove us to Polutikin’s little house. - Tell me, why is Chorus alive in front of your other men? - I asked for supper. - That’s why he’s smarter than other men. Some 25 years ago, the house burned down. You came to your father and asked permission to live near the forest and the swamp. In this case, asking him not to overwhelm him with labor, but to acknowledge whatever rent he has. Dad told him to pay 50 karbovantsi per river. And from that hour Horus settled in the swamp, and he was called Horem. And I paid my father 50 rubles. I have to pay 100 already. But I’ll add more. I told you to buy him. And he testifies that he doesn’t need a penny. The Frenchmen went to the field again. As they passed through the village, Polutikin called out to Kalinich. This is a tall man of fate 40. Today I went with my lord to the clearing. Having been a helper for everyone. Polutikin wouldn’t like it without anything. Kalinich was a cheerful lad. The daylight, keeping us out of sight, Kalinich took us to his hut in the forest, next to the beekeeper. We slept, walked through the forest and turned back to Polutikin’s little house. Having said that Kalinich is a kind man, but he can’t put his own rule in order, since Polutikin himself is taking him to the field - what if I should take care of his rule? The next day, Polutikin with his own bus went from the right to the place. And I myself went to the clearing and walked to Khor the next day. On the other side of the spectrum, Hospodar is short, foxy, and gentle. He is similar to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. We went to his cabin and talked at the same time. I thought, why shouldn’t I buy myself from the lord? Ale Khor did not give a clear answer. So just like that, I confirmed it. I asked to spend the night in his barn on the hay. Vranci woke up Fedko. We decided to eat it. - Tell me, why do all the blue people live because of you? - I asked Khor. - They even have their own families. - If you want to live with me, let’s live. Only Fedya is unarmed. But Vasko is still early. To Khoryu zaishov Kalinich. With a bunch of sunnitsa in his hands. Old buv radium to our dear guest. The next three days I spent with Khor. Keeping an eye on him and Kalinich. The stench was vile. The choir is pragmatic, Kalinich is a peacenik. Khor had a great homeland, but Kalinich had no children at all. The choir completely crushed Polutikin, and Kalinich adored him. - Why don’t you buy your beloved ruler new bast shoes? - feeding the Choir, flailing around with their boots. - Because the goon is your master. And the Chorus set off, saying little, in front of Kalinich. The choir is close to marriage, and Kalinich is close to nature. The chorus is skeptical about any new information, and Kalinich blindly believes everything. I learned a lot from Khor about business in the village: different chips, how to earn the most. I myself have learned a lot about Khorya. Especially about the border. The choir taught about people and business, and Kalinich - about the nature of the place. What a marvelous thing, the Choir is not recited by Vmiv, but Kalinich is recited by Vmiv. Fuck the wives without prahuvav for people, without fooling around with them. His squad lay calmly on the stove and did not climb, because they were afraid of the man. Kalinich slept well, engraved on the balalayan. On the fourth day, Polutikin came after me. Skoda was about to separate me from my old age. Me and Kalinich got into the cart and drove off. And the next day I left Polutikin’s place. This is the story, friends.

History of creation and publications

The publication of “Khor and Kalinich,” written for the first issue, was published in the current issue of “Suchasnik” (1847). The subtitle “From the Notes of Myslyvets”, which gave the name to the entire cycle, was the title of Panaev. From now on, Turgenev doesn’t need to ostentatiously show the perspective of his upcoming creation: “the crystallization of the idea” proceeded step by step.

In 1852, the “Notes of a Mislivian” came out as a solid book. This is a legacy for the censorship official Volodymyr, who allowed the collection to be released. Lvov was removed from prison, and for his colleagues a special order was issued: “Remnants of statistics, which initially did not represent anything contrary to censorship rules, can sometimes be taken away from those close to them directly, it is necessary It is true that censorship would not otherwise allow such destruction again seen, as seen in its entirety."

List of reviews and first publications

Choir and Kalinich (Suchasnyk, 1847 No. 1, edition “Sumish”, pp. 55-64)
Ermolai and the miller's wife (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, part. I, p. 130-141)
Raspberry water (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, part. I, p. 148-157)
District doctor (Suchasnyk, 1848 No. 2, department I, pp. 157-165)
My susid Radilov (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, ed. I, p. 141-148)
Odnopalats Ovsyannikov (Suchasnyk, 1847 No. 5, department I, p. 148-165)
Lgov (Suchasnik, 1847 No. 5, department G, p. 165-176)
Bezhin meadow (Suchasnik, 1851 No. 2, v. I, p. 319-338)
Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword (Suchasnyk, 1851 No. 3, ed. I, pp. 121-140)
Burmistr (Suchasnyk, 1846 No. 10, department I, pp. 197-209)
Office (Suchasnyk, 1847, No. 10, issue I, pp. 210-226)
Biryuk (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, department I, p. 166-173)
Two landowners (Notes of a Myslyvian. Work by Ivan Turgenev. M., 1852. Parts I-II. pp. 21-40)
Lebedyan (Suchasnik, 1848 No. 2, department I, pp. 173-185)
Tetyana Borisivna and her nephew (Suchasnyk, 1848 No. 2, part I, pp. 186-197)
Death (Suchasnyk, 1848 No. 2. vol. I, p. 197-298)
Spivaky (Suchasnyk, 1850 No. 11, department I, p. 97-114)
Petro Petrovich Karataev (Suchasnik, 1847, No. 2, issue I, pp. 197-212)
Pobachennya (Suchasnik, 1850 No. 11, department I, p. 114-122)
Hamlet of Shchigrivsky district (Suchasnik, 1849 No. 2, v. I, p. 275-292)
Tchertophanov and Nedopyuskin (Suchasnik, 1849 No. 2, department I, pp. 292-309)
Kinets Tchertopkhanova (Newsletter of Europe, 1872 No. 11, p. 5-46)
Living relics (Skladchina. Literary collection, collections of the works of Russian writers for the suffering of those who suffered from famine in the Samara province. St. Petersburg, 1874. - P. 65-79)
Knock! (Works by I. S. Turgenev (1844-1874). M.: Vid. Brothers of Salaevikh, 1874. Part I. - P. 509-531)
Forest and steppe (Suchasnyk, 1849 No. 2, part. I, p. 309-314)

The book opens with the drawing “Choir and Kalinich”, in which the author talks about two men who got together in the Zhizdrinsky district of the Oryol province. One of them - Horus - later settled with his family far in the forest, trading, duly paying his dues to the master and gaining fame as an “administrative head” and a “rationalist.” The idealist Kalinich, however, was in the gloom, afraid of betraying his friends, before the lord of reverence, his character was kind; At the same time, he could draw blood, relieving fears, and gain control over the Bjols. New acquaintances have already started talking about the news; This is due to the satisfaction of hearing in the understanding of such dissimilar people one on one.

The gentleman (“Yermolay and the miller’s wife”) was allowed to live happily for the sake of his mind, so that you bring two pairs of black grouse and chickens into the kitchen. Povidacheva happened to spend the night at the same time as Yermolay at Miroshnik’s bed. In his squad, Arina Petrivna, it was possible to guess the courtyard wife; It was clear that she had lived in St. Petersburg for a long time, served as a quarters in a rich little house and lived with the lady in a good place. When Arina asked the rulers for permission to marry the footman Petrushka, the lady ordered that the girl’s hair be cut and sent to the village, the footman was then sent to become a soldier. The local peacemaker, having bought the beauty, recognized her as a squad.

The share of the Oryol landowner in the nickname Lezhen (“One Finger Ovsyanikov”) gained momentum during the Great Patriotic War. At the same time, from the Napoleonic army they marched to Russia, and then, at the same time, back to the hands of the Smolensk men, who wanted to drown the “French” in the opolotsia. The landowner was lying down, having waited for the ride: he was just playing pranks for his daughters, who are lovers of music and French language. Having rested and recuperated, the troops moved to another master; In his little cabin, he fell into a young uniform, made friends, entered the service of the nobles.

The children who went out at night to guard the herd (“Bizhin Meadow”), before the end of the day, told stories about the house-elf who lives in the factory; about the Slobidsky smith Gavrilo, who became sad after his fight with the mermaid; about the divine Akulina, “possessed by the watery ones.” One of the podlitki, Pavlo, fell behind the water, and after turning back, he reported that he felt the voice of Vasya, the boy, who had drowned by the river. The children thought that this was a bad sign. Nezabar Pavlo perished, falling from his horse.

Vidguki

According to the words of Belinsky, who prepared the survey article “A Look at Russian Literature in 1847”, based on the cycle “Notes of a Myslivo”, there are unequal artistic merits; Among them are the stronger, and the smaller. At the same time, the critic recognized that “there is not much to be desired between them, which would not be tsikavym, tsikavym and respectable.” Belinsky most famously said “Khorya and Kalinicha”; it was followed by “Burmist”, “Odnopalats Ovsyanikov” and “Office”.

Nekrasov, in one of the sheets, pointed out the similarity of “Notes of the Myslivts” with Tolstoy’s testimony to “Chopping the Forest”, which was prepared to fight on the pages of “Suchasnik” and former dedications to Turgenev:

Among a number of writers, the thought of Vasil-Botkin’s drawing stood out, which revealed in “Khori and Kalinich” a kind of “vigadanism”: “This is an idyll, and not a characteristic of two Russian men.”

Artistic features

Images of heroes

According to the descendants, the villages of Khor and Kalinich bear “the most typical features of the Russian national character.” The prototype of Khor was a fortress peasant who demonstrated his power, penetration and “unprecedented friendliness.” Having learned to read and write, and when Turgenev gave you a confession, “the old man re-read it with pride.” Afanasy-Fet guessed about these villagers; in 1862, at the hour of the lost waters, they entered Khorya’s little house and spent the night there:

If Khor is a “positive, practical person,” then Kalinich belongs to the romantics, “sorrowful and sad people.” This manifests itself in his deep attention to nature and sincere songs; When Kalinich sang, he called a “pragmatist.” The choir could not stop and, after a short pause, began to sing the song.

Language and style

Turgenev’s Pragnennaya turned on to the “Notes of the Myslivot”, the local priests got a super-sensitive reaction; Thus, Belinsky in the list before Annenkov noted that the writer “over-salts the imported words of the Oryol language”; to the critic’s thought that the word is vikorized in the identified “Office” "green"“it’s just so stupid,” as i "lisenya"і "bread" .

Thus, the publicist Ivan-Aksakov himself protested against the adoption of dialectism; His claims were made not only by Turgenev, but by other authors:

Grigorovich, eager to bring a Russian peasant to the stage, speaks of him with the Ryazan concoction, the Orlovsky one, Dal - a vinaigrette with all the concrements. If you think about catching the Russian language, you are catching the local language.

The investigators indicate that Turgenev needed local knowledge in these accounts, which describe villagers and courtyards (“Khor and Kalinich”, “Raspberry Water”, “Lgov”, “Biryuk”, “Bizhin Meadow”). The words, which the writer called “his own,” reflected the Oryol flavor and were necessary for demonstrating the everyday caution of the characters. Zvidsi – local vocabulary: “alive”, “live”, “hunkered down”, “lotoshiv”, “peepers” .

Turgenev paid such an important attention to “folk geography”: in “Notes of a Myslivets” there is a dzherelo Raspberry water, yar Cobilian top; in the reports one can guess the indifference of forces from “social and everyday names”: Khudobubnov, Golopleki, Kolotivka, Bezsonov, Kolobrodovo .

Turgenev’s policies follow the utmost care for creatures and birds, so the behavior of people in “Notes of the Myslivets” is sometimes reminiscent of the creatures’ calls: “They caught Yermolai, like a hare in a field", "After sitting in a small corner for three days, how the birds were injured» .

The importance of writing to poetic metaphors is also indicated (“Beginning to shine and whisper through the forest the most powerful plank") and hyperbole ("The mayor with the men, with a beard all over the casing») .

Image of the story

The testimony in “Notes of a Myslivtsya” is not only a full-fledged participant in the story, but also a guide who paves the way from the characters to the readers. Sometimes they simply hear (option: overhearing) the heights of their characters (“Office”, “Pobachennya”); put food on the table every hour “to encourage growth” (“Khor and Kalinich”, “Kasyan with the Beautiful Sword”); later - you yourself take part in this or another story. (So, in the case of the well-known “Biryuk”, he donates pennies to the forester for a tree cut down by an unknown man.) artistic device necessary for Turgenev for “the creative activity of the reader”:

Some drawings are marked with the technique of “live conversation”: the message reaches the reader, asking him to “take part in the train” ( “The creak comes from the creak... Touch it! there is a village in front of us"). Roadblocks that you should share with your readers, some details: “The axis of the village”, “You are going to the church, right-handed, through the rowing”. The sincere intonation is calm; This is the end of the story (“Forest and Steppe”): “However, the time has come to finish.<…>Farewell, chitchu; I wish you peace and prosperity" .

Kraєvid

A landscape that creates a picture of a clear summer day, including “Bizhin Meadow”; rank awakening of the earth - at “Living Power”. In both episodes, the description of nature foregrounds the main topic and creates the necessary mood. In Pigarov’s opinion, “a tremulous din”, powerful in the landscape paintings of Turgenev, close to the robots of Corot, whom the mystical writer Mikhailo Alpatov called “the song of the front light of the tank and the fogs that are about to go out”; At the same time, the “color palette” of the author of “Notes of a Mysliman” is more rich than that of the French artist.

Film adaptation

1935 - “Bizhin-Lud” - film by S. Eisenstein, doctors
1971 - “The Life, Death, of the Nobleman Tchertopkhanov” (based on the inspiration of “Tchertopkhanov and Nedopyuskin” and “The End of Tchertopkhanov”)
1977 - "

In 1845, a literary and artistic collection came to light under the editorship of M. A. Nekrasov, which had the unusual title: “Physiology of St. Petersburg, composed of a collection of Russian writers.”

This collection was a significant revelation in the history of our literature: it signified a decisive turn from stilted, rhetorical romanticism, trying to win a place among literature in the 30s, and strengthening its positions It is ideological, critical of realism.

The very name of the collection “Physiology of St. Petersburg” spoke of the task that was set before literature, close to scientific research: perhaps a more accurate, realistic description of the suspinal state.

Before the assembly, Peredmova, as she explained this task, was not a manifesto of the new directly. The author of the editorial, speaking about those who drew that enter the collection warehouse, draws on the date as truthfully and specifically as possible, depicting the characteristics of various activities of the St. Petersburg consulate, prote that in these drawings will be given not just creation і, and її explanation of that assessment . The writer, as they said in the editorial, is responsible for revealing that “it is not only possible to guard, but also to judge” - in other words, as a reliable method in literature, critical realism has been adopted.
The collection began with Belinsky’s brilliant drawing “Petersburg and Moscow”, followed by other drawings that depict the life of Petersburg poverty: “Petersburg doorman” by Lugansky, “Petersburg organ grinder” by Grigorovich, “Peter Burzka side" by Grebinki, "Peterburzka Kuti" by Nekrasov. Across the river, in 1846, Nekrasov saw the “Petersburg Collection”, which was close in its aims to “Physiology of Petersburg”. Although the main place in the new one was no longer occupied by drawing, but the evidence of those verses, but the hidden directness and the creative method were lost by the same things: this would be critical realism, imbued with a deep interest in the nourishment of a married life.
Turgenev placed the title “Landowner” in the “Peterburz Collection”, and Belinsky described it as “a physiological picture of the landowner’s life.” Thus, Turgenev’s influence throughout Russian literature in the 40s earned it the name “natural school.”
From “The Landowner,” written in a perfect form, Turgenev never moves on to artistic prose, before confirmation villager's troubles, it is important that this genre largely demonstrates its newness to creative workers. Tse Buli "Notes of Mislivts".

The first story from the “Notes of the Myslivts” - “Khor and Kalinich” - was published in the magazine “Suchasnik” in 1847. Then, over the course of five years, that magazine received another 20 reports. In 1852, the “Notes of Myslyvets” were released to the public; Before these collections, in addition to the previous 21 reports, another one was added - “Two landowners.”
In the 70s, the Turgenevs wrote three new stories in magazines: “The End of Chertopkhanov,” “Knocking,” and “Living Powers.” The stench was included until the publication of the “Notes of the Myslivtsya” in 1880, and from that time on it was included until all future occurrences, which now amount to 25 reports.
How can we explain Turgenev’s turn from the heights of his life, as he wrote over 12 years, to the revelations of people’s life?

The pre-revolutionary descendants of Turgenev’s creativity, skillfully explaining the history of Russian literature in a recent influx, tried to find out the threads of new themes and new genres of Turgenev in literary Russia foreign countries. Thus, Professor Sumtsov, speaking about the influx of J. Sand, and Professor A. S. Gruzinsky confirmed that Turgenev largely followed Auerbach, who published the first books of his “Black Forest Observations” in 1843, just before the appearance of first report of “Mislivts’ Notes” "

Other descendants attributed the main role of Turgenev’s transition to the depiction of national life to the infusion of Gogol and especially Belinsky.

There is no superchka, that " Dead souls"Gogol, who married each other in 1842, became a gazer for Turgenev and influenced him, increasing his interest in artistic prose and critical realism. Tim is no less, without a doubt, that the great influx on Turgenev was created by Belinsky.
Turgenev, even as a student, was a respected reader of Belinsky’s literary-critical articles, in 1843 he became personally acquainted with him, and then, over a number of years, until Belinsky’s death, he maintained friendship with him. nki.

On the other hand, Belinsky confronts Turgenev kindly. That will truly be a fair, or strict, reader, directly and harshly identifying everything as false and artistically weak in Turgenev’s poems and poems and ardently promoting his literary successes, everything that could lead Turgenev on the paths ideological realism. Belinsky welcomed his transition to artistic prose, to “Notes of a Myslivets”.

However, the main reason for this transition cannot be explained by Belinsky, as it was not significant. Belinsky only helped Turgenev to comprehend, bring into the system creativity, which were in power before, but manifested themselves with particular force around 1846, when all of their enormous literary activity came to a point of renewed disenchantment. The main reason for Turgenev’s transition to a new theme, to a new genre was the same thing that prompted Grigorovich in 1846, before Turgenev wrote “The Village”, and in 1847 - “Anton-Bidolakha”, that same , under the influence of Dal (Cossack Lugansky), releasing to the world in 1846 a story from the people's life, in Nekrasov in 1845-1846 he wrote the verses “At the Doroz” and “Batkivshchina”. It was for this very reason that V. G. Belinsky called upon the church with the greatest determination to look at literature as a sign of a sustained struggle.

The main reason for all these manifestations was the huge Rukh, which had buried among 40 Rocky XIX hundred wide cola advanced (most importantly noble at that time) intelligentsia and the root of the deep dissatisfaction that grew with the fate of the enshrined peasantry.

At the time of the creation of the “Notes of the Myslivts”, the rise to the people, the fight against the liquidation of slavery in the Crimea stood at the center of the respect of leading civil and literary figures. According to Lenin’s words, “as our enlighteners wrote from the 40s to the 60s, Community meals came down to the fight against crime and surpluses.” Massive rural devastations in the 1940s swept through many regions of the country. The number of rural “revolts” among the rivers increased. The first landowner of Russia, Mikola I, shouted the revolutionary spirit of the language in France, Germany, the Ugric region and Austria, fighting with cruel terror to strangle the support of the people's masses. The reign of Mikoli Palkin, as he called the crowned despot L.N. Tolstoy, in one of his reports, was, in the words of Herzen, “the era of the epoch, I will spoil that svaville.” The suffocating, secluded atmosphere forced Turgenev to abandon Fatherlandism for the first time in 1847 and flee beyond the cordon. “I couldn’t give up on one thought,” he wrote in “Literary and Life Conjectures” at the beginning of “Notes of a Myslist,” “to be deprived of everything that I hate; That's why I probably didn't have the right attitude or strength of character. I needed to go beyond the other gate so that I could attack the other one more powerfully. In my eyes, this enemy is a glorious image, in my knowledge: this enemy is strength. Under these names, I have gathered and placed in the middle everything against which I have vowed to fight to the end - to which I have sworn to never reconcile... This is my Anibalian oath; And I’m not the only one who gave this to myself.”

Turgenev, having lost his true oath: in the minds of the police, re-investigation and censorship terrorism, having created “Notes of a Mysliman” - this is a deeply truthful picture of the strongmen of Russia. Turgenev's great work was lost in the atmosphere of struggle against reaction and creed. Zvidsi – that pathos of willfulness and humanity, which is reflected in the images of these people. “Everything that doesn’t exist in Russian life is gentle and intelligent,” Saltikov-Shchedrin wrote about this era, “it is well understood that no matter where you turn, you can see through the stench of a problem about a person.”

The topic of the rural area, as the most pressing and important in the political situation of the pre-reform period, is one of the main topics fiction. Turgenev’s cream, the life of the serf village was dedicated to the works of many progressive 40s, including Herzen (“The Villainous Magpie”) and Grigorovich (“Village”, “Anton-Bidolakha”). It is painful that the unfavorable nutritional situation of the Turgenev village is highlighted from democratic and humanistic positions. This screamed the evil of disintegration in the high order stakes. The Minister of Information reported on Turgenev's publication by conducting a special investigation into the effectiveness of censorship. For the orders of Mikoli I, the censor, who allowed the sight, the bolo was put away from the plant. Nezabar, having been accused of citing an over-the-top article about Gogol, Turgenev was arrested and then sent to exile in the village of Spaska-Lugovinovo in the Oryol province. Pauline Viardo wrote about this: “I, under high orders, am under arrest at the police station through those who wrote a few rows about Gogol in one Moscow newspaper. The whole thing has become a drive - the fact itself is completely insignificant. But I’ve long since been surprised and have become attached to this until the very beginning... They wanted to drown out everything that was said about the occasion of Gogol’s death, - and, before speaking, they were glad to give up the defense of mine at the same time literary activity" About those who were the reason for the arrest and exile of Turgenev, the “Notes of the Myslivtsya” were written in another sheet: “In 1852 r. for writing an article about Gogol (essentially for “Notes of a Myslivtsya”), grants for accommodation to the village, after having lived for two years.”

Until the completion of his disgraced book, Turgenev had no idea what to do with his call. Having written novels, eaten, stories, dramas, but at the same time dreaming about his past career and being ready to give up his literary work due to the influx of dissatisfaction with his writing activity. In “Notes of a Myslivets” Turgenev’s gift has come to a new end, with all its advantages and strengths. Turgenev himself was aware of the significance of the “Notes of the Myslivts”. He wrote to one of his friends: “I am the radius that I came out; It seems to me that my contribution, made to the treasury of Russian literature, will be lost.”

In the era, when the moral principles and reformation of Turgenev were taking shape, when Turgenev the big man was taking shape, the theme of the liberation of the villagers in the name of serfdom was already in the foreground. The voices began to grow louder and louder, immediately pressing on the need for such a reform, then for the sake of promoting it, and then directly demanding such reforms. Turgenev unleashed his efforts against the most heavenly phenomenon of Russian life - kripatstva.

Turgenev is a wonderful painter of the Russian world, and he has a plan, passing with a bottle of mislivts through various places and nooks of Russia, to introduce us to the richness of people and characters, entering into a new world. Tse mi bachimo at “Notes of Mislivts”.

What is the history of the creation of the confession cycle “Notes of a Myslivtsya”? The first evidence from this cycle began to shine light in the late 40s of the 19th century, at a time when the foundations of democracy were being undermined. Vlada of the nobleman-landlord was not limited by anything, was not controlled. As a human being, Turgenev, having studied for the sake of democracy, will find injustice and cruelty; Because of this, with both their minds and their hearts, the Turgenevs hated strength, as for him, for his powerful Vislov, a special enemy. Having given myself the “Anibalovsky oath” not to lay down any armor against this enemy. The “Notes of the Mystic” became the result of this oath, which is not only a meaningful work, but great achievements are looming from the literary-mystical point of view.

In 1852, the "Notes of the Myslivtsya" were first published to the public.

How about I. S. Turgenev about the creation of this work? The main meta of “Notes of Myslyvts” is a vikrittya of civil law. Let the author proceed before implementing his mark in the original way. The talent of an artist and a thinker showed Turgenev that in real life it was necessary to put not borderline episodes of cruelty, but living images. In this way, the artist reaches out to the Russian soul, to the Russian marriage. And I decided to create a new world. Effect artistic creation Having appeared, let’s take a deep breath.

“Notes of a Myslivtsa” is a cycle that consists of 25 stories, otherwise called drawings, about the lives of capitalists and landowners. In some accounts, the author “takes revenge” on his enemy (serf law) very carefully, in other cases he completely forgets about the enemy, and only remembers the poetry of nature, the artistry of everyday paintings. It is clear that there were such revelations. For twenty-five years, a direct protest against kripatstva can be found in the following: “Yermolai and the Mill’s Lady,” “The Burmist,” “Lgov,” “Two Landowners,” “Petro Petrovich Karataev,” “Pobachennya.” Moreover, in these testimonials, this protest is expressed in a delicate form; this is a non-material element, in contrast to the artistic elements of the testimonial. In other reports, there is no sense of thirsty protest; they highlight the sides of the landowner and rural life.

The main theme of “Notes of Myslyvets” is the share of the villagers for the benefits of serfdom. Turgenev showed that kripaks are also people who are also in control of complex mental processes, they are in control of a rich moral life.

The main idea of “Notes of a Myslyvtsy” is “a thought about human goodness”, about humanity. Strong fallowness is an evil, it strengthened the villagers with an impenetrable barrier to the decision of human prosperity, which was destroyed by the Roman culture. The villager had the opportunity to feel satisfied with his daily needs human soul. These are people who are either baiduzhi or sorcerers youmu. I give him the same “lowered image” as he does himself. Kozhen, who has, to some extent, been seen above the dark middle behind his richness and natural frailty, is guilty of feeling a deep, painful selfishness. There is no one to tell your soul to, no one to trust with the deep feelings that are so inappropriately deposited in the heart of the man.

Why does it lie? characterized by particularity What is Turgenev’s large-scale creation? First of all, it is necessary to take into account the new realism of “Notes of a Mystic.” Realism of this is the basis of Turgenev’s creativity. Despite Belinsky's fair comment, Turgenev could not artistically describe a character that he did not truly understand. This type of creativity enabled Turgenev to reveal the hidden human essence of the rural soul and paint two main rural types: Khorya and Kalinicha. In the proven "Bizhin Meadow" there are also two main types in the child's middle: Pavlusha - Maybutniy Choir, Vanya - Kalinich. Having portrayed the universal peasantry and the landowning middle class, Turgenev made a great stride forward to realism, equaled by the greatest realism that was conveyed to the world - Gogol. Ale Gogol has gained more activity from his brokenness. Turgenev’s same activity of minds can be seen at all times, and in his new life it flares up in all its glory. And for such a permanent, universally illuminated life of the Turgenevs, “Notes of a Myslivets” demonstrates thorough objectivity.

“Notes of the Myslivitsa” does not represent a direct attack on the fortress of the right, but will give the worst blow to the side. Turgenev portrayed evil as such, not with an obvious method of fighting it, but rather because it is so unique that it seems to overwhelm human desirability. As a result of its realism and objectivity and its depiction in the “Notes of a Myslivets”, types of positive and negative, attractive and respectable, both in the rural middle class and in the landowner. Under this, Turgenev needed a high level of caution. Turgenev and Belinsky signified similar caution when he wrote that Turgenev’s talent is to guard against phenomena and convey them, passing them through his imagination, rather than hiding in someone else’s imagination.

Turgenev described the roots of his caution in every detail of his personalities And their appearance, both moral and modern, in everything that was characteristic of them in their clothes, and in the manner of expression and gestures.

“Notes of a Myslivets” is of great artistic merit. I can't imagine the stink paint a picture Russian life, depicted as it was before the author. This true picture led the reader to think about injustice and cruelty, and to panic about the attitude towards the people. The great artistic merit of the “Notes of a Myslivtsya”, in addition to their lack of progress, lies in the completeness of the picture painted in them. All types of modern Turgenev Russia are identified, painted and added and irritating individuals, characterized by villagers and landowners.

The great thing about “Notes of a Mystic” is the power that the stench gives to the reader, especially the stench that is written, and, especially, the lust and beauty of the descriptions. As an example of such descriptions, one can indicate the scene of Jacob the Turk’s song; The reader simultaneously experiences with the author everything that was inspired by the rumors of this song, and one cannot help but succumb to the poetic charm of the riddles about loboda, inspired by the author with the song of Yakov. No less poetic and powerful in their impact on the reader’s soul are the descriptions that appear in the poems “Pobachennya”, “Bizhin Meadow”, “Forest and Steppe”.

All the advantages of “Notes of a Myslivets”, as an artistic creation, in connection with the highly humane ideas that were developed, ensured its great success among Turgenev’s companions, and among subsequent generations.