Incubation of the eggs of the sviyskoy bird: outdoor ceramics
It is suggested to the readers of the report help from the independent incubation of chickens, gooses and other eggs of birds in domestic minds.
Sob in the incubator to take care of healthy and living offspring of your own birds, it is necessary to follow the rules of song.
Less than eggs are laid, so that they can form the correct shape, medium size, clean and smooth shell without any cracks.
Before picking up eggs for incubation, it is necessary to reluctantly wash your hands in order to prevent confusion. It is necessary to pick up the eggs from the nest, carefully trimming the proteges of the nests with two fingers.
The selection itself is carried out skin 2-3 years to 18 years. Bathing at night for incubation is not recommended.
For the whole period, it is necessary to especially resolutely stitch for the cleanliness of the bedding at the nests and on the bed, in order to protect it from falling on the shell.
To ensure good breeding, it is necessary to select eggs that are close to the average for the mass. If the eggs are fried, then the vision will be low, and if it is too great, the birds will often be born with the spirits.
Table of parameters for the selection of incubation material
| Pokazniki | Smoke eggs | Smoke meat | Indians | jocks | geese | Tsisarki |
| Weight of eggs (g) for breeding chickens: breeding herd | 52-65 | 54-67 | 80-100 | 75-95 | 150-220 | 38-50 |
| For eating grub eggs, or for growing young animals on meat | 50-67 | 50-73 | 75-105 | 70-100 | 130-230 | 36-52 |
| Shape index (small diameter setting to large diameter, expressed in %) | 73-80 | 76-80 | 69-75 | 65-70 | 63-70 | 75-80 |
| Filling, % | 95 | 93 | 87 | 88 | 85 | 80 |
| Seeing healthy young animals, % | 81 | 75 | 65 | 70 | 65 | 65 |
Like a shell, it irritates with unevenness, shortness, great pores, in a new one it has a different relief like bumps, folds, growths, it is suitable for incubation. With the great frequent imovirnosti z such a syroviny, one can become weaker, undead, bring forth more accommodating offspring.
Strongly muddled shell - tezh privіd for vibrakuvannya, so zarudnennya can roz'їdat karalupu or respect access more often. Miti eggs, like laying for incubation, or just for saving, it’s not possible, for that, with which the spitting is ruined. Even though there is not a lot of rubbish, you can try to carefully scrape it for an additional knife.
Ale needs a mother in the Uvaz, so that the eggs of broiler crosses, kachini, indichi, geese do not sound like a great value and milk a small amount.
First candling
For an accurate determination of the quality of the material, you can speed it up with an ovoscope. Vіn dopomozhet invisible defects with a simple glance.
It is easy to finish the ovoscope with your own hands at home minds. For which you need to take a box of medium-sized thick cardboard, put a light bulb of 60 watts on the bottom. On the roof, there is an oval-shaped opening with a size of troch less than an egg.
For the shortest visibility, the ovoscope needs to be peeled in a dark room. I do not need to forget about the dotrimannya of the safety rules, so that the fire will go away.
On the egg illuminated by the lamp of the ovoscope, the camera is well seen. Vaughn is guilty of rotting at a stupid kіntsi. Zhovtok, looking like a fuzzy shadow, is guilty of buti in the center, or a little bit of destruction to a stupid end. When wrapping a zhovtok, it is possible to react more trochs. Shkaralupa can be uniform, without thinning or narrowed cuts.
How much help can you find out for the help of an ovoscope?
Defecti shkaralupi
Smіtlі smugi on nіy svіdchat pro nepomіtnі ushkodzhenya, smeared to the beast with additive speeches. As if the shell looked mellow, it’s not enough to talk about the different її comrades at the link with the uneven calcium rose. Thin plots can swell under the hour of incubation.
Change the checked cameras
It’s safer to talk about the trival of savings, and the wrong placement (on the side or in the guest house) - about the damage to the integrity of the shell casings.
Zhovtka mill
A double egg needs to be culled, the shards are damaged. If, when turning, the zhovtok does not zsuvaetsya for a month, it means that the wine has dried up to the scale after the wrong choice. It is not enough to move the yellow to talk about those who hailstones are torn off and cannot take yoga on the spot. It’s like a zhovtok is incomprehensible, but in the middle of it there is an orange-red color, which means that it’s wines of rozirvaniya and zmishavsya with white.
Third Party Inclusion
Tse can buti pіr'ya, pischinki or kamintsі and іn. Presence of blood clots in the oviduct - after hemorrhage in the oviduct. And with dark patches, tell about the colony flowers. Whether it's a third-party inclusion to talk about the inapplicability of an incubative egg.
saving
It is necessary to take care of the eggs for incubation for the same temperature and moisture, not allowing sudden fluctuations.
Optimum for short-hour harvesting (up to three days) is a temperature of 18°C. For more trivaly terms, the temperature is due buti on the level of 8-10 °. With this, the moisture content can be repeated high - 80-85%, with less moisture, shrinkage is likely to occur.
Old eggs, which have been saved for a long time, are spending their eggs. The zhovtok changes its position, can stick to the undershell shells, rozirvatisya. Vision is sharply reduced. Therefore, it is not the fault of saving the established maximum terms that are concerned about bird species.
Terms and temperature
| See the birds | The term saving, doba | Temperature. °С |
| kuri | 3 | 20-21 |
| 6 | 14-15 | |
| over 6 | 12-13 | |
| Indians | 3 | 15-18 |
| 6 | 12-15 | |
| over 6 | 8-12 | |
| jocks | 3 | 18-20 |
| 8 | 12-15 | |
| over 8 | 8-12 | |
| geese | 8 | 12-15 |
| over 8 | 8-12 |
Trivale savings
Tsya table allows bachiti, the number of scalings decreases with the increase of the term.
Fallow withdrawal according to the term of saving, in %
| The term saving eggs (doba) |
See the birds |
||
| 5 | 91,6 | 85,7 | 79,8 |
| 10 | 82,5 | 80,0 | 72,7 |
| 15 | 70,3 | 73,5 | 53,7 |
| 20 | 23,5 | 47,2 | 53,7 |
| 25 | 15,0 | 6,0 | - |
As it is necessary to collect a large batch for laying in a larger incubator, it is often necessary to select and save these larger trips. Todі, schob utrimati vyvedennya yaєts on a pleasant equal and zapobіgti їh antiquity, happen to be quickened by special methods.
The most efficient way that allows you to keep eggs for 15 days and more without loss of viability is to save them when the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased.
If it’s a bagatelle, you can simply put it in a small plastic bag and tie it up to prevent access later. When їх dyhannі vіdbuvaєє poglanannya sourness and vision of carbon dioxide. After one hour, the package will be moved with carbonic acid. And tse zatrimaє development of processes, caused by ancient times and the development of bacteria.
Since the amount of money for saving is small, then the small bag can be immediately filled with carbon dioxide. For whom you can use spray cans for gas water.
Dribnі eggs (chicken,) lay for saving with a blunt end uphill. Larger (kachini) rozmіschuvati with a small cheek, and geese - on the botsі. The process of skin care takes 2-3 days after turning a quarter of the turn.
If the term of saving is more than five deb, then today it is necessary to rotate it by 90-180 °.
Bookmark in the incubator
We are going to need to prepare.
Purification and disinfection
The interior of the incubation chamber, the trays and trays should be cleaned, then disinfected with a chloride vape. After that, rinse it and dry it.
Nalashtuvannya
It is necessary to set the required incubation temperature and humidity, change the fan operation and the turning mechanism.
Revising
For a few days before laying the eggs, it is necessary to reconsider the reliability of the incubator's work. The empty incubator includes a sprat of years. At the same time, to strive for the stability of the work of all mechanisms, they overthink what the temperature needs are to be washed and watered again.
In the photo - laying chicken eggs in trays for incubation in ІФХ-500 - an apparatus that has been overturned by more than one generation of farmers.
Bookmark rules
For a friendly meeting, the start of the incubation may be swidky and one-hour. To secure my mind, it is necessary to bake eggs in front. It is necessary to bring them into the application with a temperature again close to 25 ° later, lower 8-10 years before laying.
As soon as it gets colder in the room, the stench may not get warm enough. With a large difference in temperatures on the scale, condensate can accumulate, which can cause sourness or flower development to failure. And the temperature is higher than 27 ° is fraught with an ear of the wrong development of the germ.
Water in trays on the cob of incubation can be up to 40-42 °. Tse allow at the start
Chicken eggs are best laid for incubation evening (close to 18 years old). There are two positive sides:
- The Kurchats begin to be born early, and in a day they can go through the entire breeding cycle.
- Exactly after 6 and 17 days it is necessary to look at the ovoscope, and in the evening it does not require a special blackout.
Kachini eggs, now, it is necessary to lay down a lie, so that you will take away your good fortune.
Likewise, the eggs are different for the rosemary, they are sorted out before laying the varto. Great lay the first, after 4 years you can add an average rose, and lay the rest with the rest after the passage of the same hour. Tse to fight in order to secure the friendly visnovok curl. Aje stinks shvidsche vylupyuyutsya z drіbnіshih.
It is best for eggs when incubated in domestic minds, the camp is typical for natural incubation, tobto on bots. When placed horizontally under a crotch, the germ is able to get close to the heat dzherel and uphill.
Also, the incubator is equipped with a mechanism for turning over, you can put them when you save: the pellets are vertically blunt uphill. And the axis of the great swing or the geese can be laid more sideways.
Periods of incubation
The photo of the high production of a chicken egg allows the development of poultry in the world of incubation.
Day 1 - day 16.
First stage (0-7 days)
Vіn pochinaєtsya vіd laying eggs and trivaє in chickens - up to the 7th day, in guinea fowls, jocks, turkeys - up to the 8th, and in geese - up to the 9th day. At this hour, all organs are being laid, and the work of the heart is beginning to work on a friend. During the next few days, the germ grows rapidly at the rosemary, reaching 1.5 cm.
On the first day of the week, it is important to kindly and evenly warm up the eggs. For short heating, an additional pan is installed, on which water is poured heat.
Even though there is no mechanism for turning the eggs, I will need to work manually after 12 years after laying, but it’s fast, so as not to allow cooling again. Eggs from the center and from the edges are carefully minced.
On the first day, you can set a higher temperature (38.8°C), which is 10 degrees higher than normal. Ventilation, open and close.
Ale, everything costs less than the first six days. Dali all qi come in next say.
Other canning
After 5-6 days after the laying, it is possible to educate on the ovoscope the eggs of other chickens (ovary breeds), and through the doba - in chickens of meat breeds. In great breeds of geese, translucence can be achieved after 95 decibels, in lighter breeds - after 85 decibels. For birds (rocking, turkey, guinea fowl) - after 8-8.5 deb.
Even when translucent in the eggs, the annual changes are not visible, which is more unstained for all. Їx clean up.
Golovne zavdannya - signify the development of the blood-bearing system of the fetus.
At the first stages of incubation, you can make sure not to blow the egg sprat, so that you can match the real egg size and the "picture" on the ovoscope. Without this, it is important to learn to distinguish the necessary details in the middle of the egg, even if the "image" of the scale will be divided and kalamutny.
Normal bud development
Rozhevі vіdtinki koloru, threads of blood-bearing vessels, which are kindly looked through, talking about a good development of the germ. Ale, the embryo itself is not visible with it, it’s less possible to remember it sometimes, even if it’s the hour of the egg’s collapse. The lines of the vessels of the circulatory system are approaching until the acute end.
Early development
As a blood-bearing judge, the roses are no less good, the trochs having penetrated the middle of the skaralupi, tell about the upsurge of the development of the germ. You can do yoga sometimes, but I won’t do it. Such a camp becomes more important, the shards of the germ can still catch up with others.
Filthy development
As the germ of weakly broken, the wines lie close to the shkaralupi, which is well remembered. The embryo looks like a dark chicken in the form of Komi or a button head. Judges are unreasonable, the color of the egg is similar to that. There are no ships on the hot boat.
For kachinih eggs, the kind of sprouts mayzhe is the same. It is necessary to pay respect to the edge of the circulatory system. About the normal development to compare the equal edge of the vessel system in the host city. And as the boundary between the circulatory system is uneven, lower on the sides and higher in the middle, it is not necessary to speak about the appearance of a rose.
Another stage (7-11 days)
This period is three from the end of the first to the middle of the term of incubation. For chickens, up to the 11th day, for guinea fowls - up to the 12th, for turkeys and jocks - the 13th, for geese - up to the 14th day. At the same time, the skeleton is actively forming, and the jaws and pazurs appear. Signs of state are blamed on the fetus.
In another period, it is necessary to clean up the incubator with water and open the vents. Tse priyaє vologostі vologostі repeat in the incubation chamber. Tse quicker viparovuvannya drive s eggs. As a result, there is an increase in the speed of the exchange of speeches, the processes of life and the exit of life are improved.
Third candling
It is not necessary to pass through the method of the appointed stage to the development of the blood-bearing system of the embryo. Chicken eggs shine on the 11th day, kachini - on the 13th day, turkeys on the 14th day and geese - on the 15th day.
Vіdminniy razvitok
With a good development of the embryo during ovoscopy, it is clear that the circulatory system has tightly covered the entire expanse, including the host. The diameter of the inspected chambers is 3-4 times larger than the ears.
Garniy rozvitok
The line of blood-bearing vessels approached the bitter end, but still did not close on the new one. The germ is only visible at the development, but it is still possible to overtake others.
Stronger impact
With a strong birth of the germ, the development of the yogo tin is less rich, lower in others. The blood-bearing judges did not reach the bitter end, there is a great memory of the protein, not zadiya at the development of the embryo.
Third stage
The whole hour from the middle of the incubation to the first squeak of the bird in the middle. The embryo already has a downy covering, the pazurs are covered with a cornea. The squirrel at the same time will be victorious again, and the zhovtkovy bear will be drawn in.
Vidpovidalny moment at once - "zagartuvannya". Eggs are chilled 1-2 times a day. For kachinih and hindichkіv, one refrigeration is sufficient for production, and for goslings and kachinih, two are needed.
Chilling through such a rank. The pallet with eggs is removed from the incubator and placed on a flat surface for 15-30 minutes. The temperature of the host may be close to 18-25°.
When chilled, the surface of the egg can cool down to 32 °. For the purpose, when the temperature has dropped, you can reach hundreds of thousands of eggs to the egg. If it doesn’t feel warm, it’s necessary to complete the procedure and put the eggs again at the inclusions in the incubator.
It is necessary to prostezhit, so that in 20-30 hvilin the temperature has reached the set level of the thermostat.
Fourth period
The rest of the incubation period includes an hour from the first peep and until the chicks are hatched. The eyes of the birds open, the umbilical ring closes. Repair the legenies. The little birds curse the shell and step by step start to wiggle.
Quarter of candling
The rest of the candling is carried out two days before the end of the incubation hour and mass breeding. From whom they sign, how much the embryo is preparing a visnovka. It is possible to understand, as a part of the protein of vikoristan, how great the water was, which was boiled from the eggs.
Vіdminniy razvitok
About the garniy development and the readiness of the bird to vysnovka, to note such features, remember when ovoscoping: the hospitality can’t be enlightened, the camera is large, it takes close to the third of the obyagu, and її between the maє the shape of a hillock.
The development is being delayed
About the appearance of the germ at the development, it is not enough to say a camera with equal boundaries. The whole bunch of victories, there is no enlightenment in the host city. Aloe the bird is not yet ready to wilt, it will be born later and will be weaker for others.
Hopeless vіdstavannya
As soon as the camera is shown to be small, and the guest tries to avenge the inconsistent supply of protein, then the germ is strong in its development. It’s unlikely that a living bird will hatch from one egg.
Control of the work of the incubator
For normal hatching of chicks in domestic minds, it is necessary to constantly control the incubation regime. It’s not necessary to change it once every 8 years, how to practice the necessary mechanisms. Tse allow to signify whether or not the regime has been destroyed and malfunctions in the system and the death of the eye-witnessed vision.
Temperature
Especially follow the steps for it, so that it does not blow out at the set temperature. The optimal temperature for the development of the embryo in the incubator is 37.5-37.8°C. Ale, you can ensure the best possible temperature wash at all parts of the incubator.
Be-yaké recovery from the optimal values of the regime to produce and until recovery at the development of the germ.
If the temperature is raised, then the chicks will be brought out earlier. Ale, the stench will be dribnimi, you may not catch the overgrowth of the umbilical cord, the great surplus zhovtok. For the lower temperatures, the hatchlings of the poultry may be occupied for more production and more, they will be stretched.
Insufficient heating to produce a development before the next day. Chicks appear weak, low-rise. The stench is rotten on their feet. Live through the surplus zhovtok, feathered brudne.
One-hour incubation and breeding is possible at a domestic farmer's incubator ІЛБ-0.5
Water content
Unsafe is also the damage to the moisture of the air. Reduced moisture content to the point where the shell will be thin and crooked, and the axis of the shell shell will be thin. As a result, the chickens that have hatched may not burrow through the opening of the undershell shell and perish, as if it were not possible to help them to wilt. When the weather is dry, the chickens begin to grow up earlier, the stench is dry, dry.
As soon as you see the water, then the sight of the birds will be hindered. Breeding young growth may be brudne and plump. In some cases, skin and dzhob can stick to the month of hatching.
The most common problem is that small hatcheries provide about 60-63% moisture content. Increasing the temperature again to bring it to greater dryness, and lowering it to increased moisture. As a result, problems will escalate.
Povitreobmin
Even more important is sufficient gas exchange. Only for a sufficient amount of acidity the embryo develops normally.
In the first days of incubation, ventilation is cooled due to the need for warming up. Nadalі need a good access to a fresh air, even though the germs already need a rich sour.
From the middle of incubation, gas exchange becomes even more important for the correct position of the embryo. For bad luck, the sour wine turns its head to the bitter end of the egg. It is necessary to rotate yoga regularly, so that the wine does not attach to the sub-shell membranes and does not die.
Turn
It is necessary to rotate not less than once for 8 years and not less than 90 °. Not only do we improve the sourness of the germ, but we allow the egg to be warmed step by step. In whom, the circulatory system develops more quickly, the germ is eaten. The turn of the next should be pinned for a sprat of dib before being seen.
All aspects of the incubation regimen are also important for high viability.
Refrigeration
Goose and eggs should be cooled down for production, starting from 9-10 days. The temperature on the surface of the scale is liable to decrease to 28-30°. It is necessary to cool down, turning off the heaters and opening the doors of the incubator. The fan continues to work to reduce the temperature.
Then, sprinkle the eggs right in the trays with a weakly erysipelas-rich potassium permanganate spray. All procedures need to be completed with a protracted year, not allowing cooling of more trivaly terms.
Zaplіdnennya
The little birds did not see the dried eggs, so that all the stinks were resolutely selected for the best signs, but only for the floods. Їх it is possible to indicate less with the first examination for 5-7 harvests after the ear of incubation.
Like an egg, it lost its visibility, without a commemorative network of blood-bearing vessels, which is a sign of unstainedness.
Wash the high fetus
- For a herd of laying hens, it is necessary to leave a stump, which cannot have sleeping fathers with them.
- The best indications of flooding show chickens of egg varieties and hens at 8-17 months, chickens at 9-18 months, pitching 8-18, and geese and turkeys at 10-20 months.
- Males make a hare of health until the flood of females is approximately stretched out to rock. The cob of this period in pivnіv - from 7 months, in drakes - from 8 months, in indicіv - from 9, and in geese - from a single vіku.
- The number of females in the herd is too large to bring down the wetness. Therefore, one male can fall no more than 10-12 egg chickens or 8-10 meat chickens. A jock per one drake can be 5-7, in geese a goose can have 3-4 females, in guinea fowl - 4-5, in turkeys - 8-10.
- Eggs for incubation are best picked in the heat of the year, for a sufficient quantity. Ptah may take enough food. For the filthy minds, the flooding is also reduced.
- The more beautiful the laying hen, the sound of the greater zaplіdnenіst.
A good value is 90-93% in chickens, 85-90% in jocks, 70% in guinea fowl and 65% in geese.
Out of the chicks
For the spitting of the chicken, it is necessary to live in several visits.
- To conserve water, it is necessary to install a supplementary pan with water again. One of the main nebezpek when viluplyuvanni - too dry in the morning. Through dryness hang and firmer shells. More weak birds do not grow up. І navitat chicks, which normally viyshli, develop more.
- Eggs should be laid sideways, spaced freely. For normal hatching of the bird, it is necessary to make a circular peck. It is important when it is stowed. To that it is not possible to place them even more strongly, as if they did not want to spare the place. The more space, the better.
- For a few days before the end of incubation, the turn is zupinyat.
- For good safety, the germs are encouraged to ventilate the incubation chamber well.
The rest of the scan on the ovoscope shows that the embryo is developing normally, moving in the beak of the checked camera on a blunt end. Tse looking like a hillock on the її cordon. Having broken through the shell of the inspected chamber, the birds rob their first breath. And then we see the first squeak.
The beak hump helps the birds to wipe the shell. At this hour, the activity of the middle can be felt by adding yoga to the wah. Calmly squeaking about the normal mind of incubation, and scary and smart - about those who are birds of incompetence, it’s cold for you.
Nareshti the bird breaks through the shell of the kilkom with blows of the chimney. Nezabarom vіn vіluplyuєtsya more and more.
Insufficient sizing
The exchange of the city and the unhandled position do not allow long swings for a strong blow. Therefore, it is important to break through the scale of the glass and the trend in the end of incubation. Weakened the bird of the building, but only a little more damnation.
Vіdminne gluing
If the embryo develops well, then the bird hatches well, having pecked for a long time. V_n roztashovuvatimetsya between a blunt end of an egg and that yogo middle. In the face of a blow from a strong bird, the shell is shaken by great little pieces.
In the distance, the birds begin to turn around in the middle, the roblyach pecking at the stake against the arrow of the year. Let's break apart, resting our heads and feet at the protistole of the eggs. At the same time, the shell breaks and the bird wilts.
Sound in the incubator from the moment of hatching the first bird of chickens and until the end of hatching, pass the doba. When sighted, the term sighting can be delayed up to two deb, and in geese - up to three deb.
The chickens are guilty to spend in the incubator for another year, to dry out. Ale needs to pick up the dried-up fowls at once. If overheated, the birds will be weakened, but not dried out, they can become cold. To that vibіrku to slacken about once every 8 years, not chekayuchi povіvennya.
Approximate terms for pecking and hatching
We have added the data from the most important terms in the star table of egg incubation, as it will be appropriate for newcomers:
| bird species | cob pecking | cob of vision | Masovy visnovok | End of vision |
| kuri | ||||
| eggs | 19 deb 8 year. | 19 deb. 18 year old | 20 deb. 6 year old | 21 dobu. |
| m'yasnі | 19 deb. 12 year old | 20 deb. | 20 deb. 12 year old | 21 dobu. 8 year. |
| Indians | 25 deb. 8 year. | 26 deb. 12 year old | 27 deb. | 27 deb. 12 year old |
| jocks | 25 deb. | 25 deb. | 26 deb. | 27 deb. 12 year old |
| geese | 28 deb. 12 year old | 29 deb. 4 year. | 29 deb. 12 year old | 30 deb. 12 year old |
Pervinniy vіdbіr kurchat
The vote is due to be held regularly, no more than 20-40 credits for a great party. At the same time, an assessment of the viability of young animals is carried out at once, so that they can be selected for viroshchivannya.
Signs of yakіsnogo young
Healthy and strong curls are active, they are exhilarated by great friability. The stink of a glittering and even fluff from the garnoy pigmentation. Feet are mіtsnі, eyes are bright, clean. The head is large, the head is short, and the tovsta dzyob is also a sign of a good poultry camp. We live, but we pick, we don’t see. The umbilical cord is closed, without traces of blood, the cloaca is clean. In egg breeds, the legs are erysipelatous-yellow in color.
Permissible small defects that do not lead to culling of young animals. Before them, one can see a weak pigmentation and darkness of down, an insignificant increase in the abdomen, or a small sweat of dry blood on the umbilical cord, so that it does not exceed 2 mm.
Like a curly little frill, with a protruding belly or navpak, it lives even a little and podsmazheny, it is necessary to discard them. Dark eyes, covered with eyelids, uneven and faded fluff, wings that were visible, can also speak about the weakness and low living standards of the birds.
Kurchata with the indulgence of guilt, buti in the wake of the misfortune. Before such defects, one can see not a retracted zhovtkovy bear, an umbilical cord that has not caught fire, continues to bleed, swells, lives, a cloaca. Indulgence of the head, dzioba, twisted legs, paralysis of the leg, paralysis of the leg - a signal for rejection.
Transportation
If it is necessary to transport, then it is necessary to transport young animals. For their transportation, there are cardboard boxes, plywood and plastic boxes. The container for transportation is divided into 4 sections with dimensions of 30x30 cm.
The boxes for transportation are square in shape with 60 cm sides and 18 cm high. The stench rises above the bottom of the box by 12 cm.
